Editorial Note |
A colleague once wrote "that
editing a journal resembles writing a poem in that the finished product may
end up very different from the sum of many small, incremental
decisions." The decisions one
makes in editing are not easy and sometimes deciding what photo to place next
to which poem can enhance or take away from the image or the words. It's only
at the end when it all comes together that each assumes a different power
that is strengthen by the whole as the book/poem takes shape. As we go into
our third year of publication, we salute our students, their creative talent,
and their willingness to share with you the reader.
Patrick Collins served as editorial assistant for the
Spring issue and Deb Duval of Student Activities provided, as usual,
continued support in ways too numerous to list a thank you goes to each of
you for your time and patience with this project. Cherry
Luedtke, reference librarian for the Northridge Campus, continues to offer
web support, for which we are most grateful. The back issues are available
for viewing on our web site at <www2.austin.cc.tx.us/RioReview>. Donetta Goodall, Associate Vice President and Margie
Huerta, Dean of Arts and Humanities continue to make the journal possible
with their generous support again, thank you. We look forward to the fall when another book/poem
takes place; we hope you enjoy this one. Spring 2000 |
The
Poems
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Skipping Stones
(for WCW)
Mark Armstrong On the old creek bridge my father and I skipped stones as the locust's creaked like a thousand rusty hinges and the sun sank down. |
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Black
Sunny Ashabranner
Black is not hollow or shallow Black is bold and strong standing on the Earth as if to shield us from red demons and death How magnificent is the sky when this black backdrop is let down Standing above holding up stars Allowing imaginations to run Scorpio wishing the flesh would pass Orion standing arrow in hand until eternity Eight other spheres with objects in orbit Showers of florescent light Black holding all this Must have Shoulders of steel How can one explain These phenomenon Day in and day out Black’s job is clear-- |
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Broken Star
Mike Avila
There I am at
abuelitas house between the old pecan
tree and her clothesline. I am playing,
dreaming, not knowing or caring how life is
going to be or turn out. In the early
morning the winds chased each
other from one window to the other
taking with them the warm scent of
abuelitas tortillas. The sky is
happy blue as I am then. All the family
gathers there, mis primos,
tias y tios. Bright paper
colors-star-shaped, bursting and
releasing candy. All of us rush to
fill our bolsas full of
the broken star. |
If that star had not fallen from its
place
above, breaking into sweet candy, then the old pecan tree or the delicate Chinese plum tree would have fed us some kind . . . of sweet pleasure. |
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Que Ella Es (ni aquí ni allá)
Mike
Avila
Ella no está ni aquí ni allá Ella es la lluvia el sol
brillante la flor
marchitada y el arbol
fuerte Ella es aquí un
momento como el rayo tibio del sol luego desaparecido con la brisa fuerte de la muerte |
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Ella revolotea con
sus alas que cambian los vientos agitados mandándome un nuevo sendero En las mañanas ella me canta canciones en la voz del pájaro en la tarde ella susurra su historia en mi oído recordándome que ahora ella está ni aquí ni allá |
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What She Is
(Nowhere
and Everywhere)
Mike Avila she is nowhere
and everywhere she is the rain sunshine the wilted flower and strong tree here one moment
like a warm sunshine then gone with the
stale breeze of death
she flutters by
with wings that change
ruffling winds sending me on
new paths |
in the mornings she sings
me songs in the voice of a bird in the evening she whispers her story in my ear reminding me that now she is nowhere and everywhere |
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But, Baby
Shawn
Badgley
(An Ode to
Winston Lights) But, Baby, they
want me to quit ya' they say you're no good for me & that I'm too good for you. They say each seven minute kiss steals seven minutes from my
toothless, loveless old
age; seven minutes from my bowel |
breaking afternoons
in the public restrooms at the rest home; seven minutes from me mourning them. But, Baby, see, I don't care. They don't realize you burn for me over & over like some pagan sacrifice, |
van had a
flat tire; three bucks to my name; Paige introduced us. I must admit I was ashamed of you at first, couldn't let you meet Mother in Malibu, but you understood. Followed me back to St. Louis & we reconciled; sat for hours almost silent on the porch & days later in Baltimore we came to a decision: |
we were an item,
kissing under leafless trees nearly 40 times a day & going out with other couples to Fell's Point & the ballpark it was, in a word, wonderful. We were married by the time Mother moved to Zurich; looked at our visit as a honeymoon; |
marveled
at the architecture & the fact that the French & the Czech & the German & the Dutch & the Danish & the Spanish & the 'Talian all do it differently; do it all the time; do it everywhere. So we did it too When in Rome, right? We giggled, fools crazy for each other. |
I came home
coughing blood that was too red with love. You, darling, were fine somehow, immune to the consequences of commitment; we separated for a time while I recovered but soon decided to move down South, together again. |
Here in Austin
things are different you act distant & I'm distracted; I gotta lot going on, & you should know that by now. We rarely have time for each other, & when we do, your kisses taste bitter; taste nostalgic; taste like you belong to someone else from your past. |
Maybe you do,
who knows? Mother thinks we're over with; says she can tell by my voice so hoarse from our arguments. But, Baby, I won't let you go; I simply can't. I still think of you all day, even while I sleep. So supple; so textured! |
So patiently beautiful
with your burning orange saintly crown & grainy golden belt! I will stay with you now; I will force you to love me again & to stay with me as well, for if you leave tonight, tomorrow you'll come back |
to a boy
furiously chewing Trident & suffering blind lovelorn seizures of regret, & I promise in his blindness he will not recognize your perfume. |
Now, Even, Sometimes
for the Dying Shawn Badgley
(SHE SAYS) You really wanna know? You must be crazy or somethin'; you must really be outta your mind! (I SEE) The purple cactus keeps swaying & lately I think it must not be what I thought, but something more like an outline or ghost of an outline or the bruised sticky film of that cactus, rotting. (SHE SEES) Cathedral-skinned bones of the blue fish still pricking my throat, pink holes showing veins. |
(SHE ASKS)
Isn't that enough? Isn't that enough, to see your own flowing blood in a bowl? (I SAY) I'm not lying, Sweetheart. I wouldn't lie to you. It's the way it had to be, has to be. You know me, babe; you know how I am. (SHE REMEMBERS) Even the simple gift of memory as suspicious back then, glad now it's gone but refusing even to play the tape in our makeshift kitchen, trapped in porcelain; |
trapped in my memories
since they're still there & I'm not trying to forget. (I KNOW) Trapped is not a bad way to be, at least right now, & let's face it, man, everything's a trap, most of all what doesn't seem it, & maybe she can't find the tape anyway, who knows? (I HEAR) Another appliance make noises I never learned to understand & another daughter says, My God, I can't believe what's happening to him! & more footsteps in the hallway I can't recognize, & she hears them too but pretends she doesn't & four ears trying to work as one |
maybe is love but is more likely
something so constant, like the heat; the humidity. (SHE'S EMBARRASSED) That we're poor now & don't have a bathroom & go like dogs outside under trees & sometimes even on the motel room rug if my legs won't work or it's too cold. (SHE KNOWS) My greatest fear is to be blind or deaf or for God's sake both & (I KNOW) Hers is to drown in cheap cement. |
(WE FEEL)
Wicked sometimes when we share my drugs & don't blame the priests for what they'll sometimes do to little boys or even girls, 'cause we understand what it's like to look forward only to death, & sometimes she'll be the priest & I'll be the little boy, or sometimes we'll switch, or sometimes we'll just watch T.V. (I FEEL) Sorry sometimes that it's come to thisI really do. (WE ARE) Sick of sex & drugs but we still like rock & roll, & is there a doctor around who can explain that to us? |
(I'M
CONVINCED)
Life is a liar & death is a lover too honest to live with, & not even God could tell me any different anymore. (SHE IS) Wearing headphones, canceling appointments, reading the Bible & washing my bedside bowl. (I WANT) To sculpt her when she does that & take the statue to my tomb. (I AM) Simply not who I was an hour ago when you stopped by for coffee & won't be who I am tomorrow for very long, & now, even, sometimes, |
I cry 'cause I can still remember
Everything; now, even, sometimes, I wonder what she'll do when I'm gone. |
Since 1884
Shawn Badgley
1. At O'Connell's,
the wood wears
ancient scars & stains of
blood & beer mark the
tables, cave paintings, vague shapes
ingrained that catch
occasional light & bounce it green
off the walls, where framed
photos of great Irish
writers hang suspended above
college kids who know the
old joke: If you glance
in a mirror & look drunker
than Behan, it's time to
get a ride home. "So you're
telling me you still don't
remember kissing Lucy
Williams?" "That's
right, man, no recollection
whatsoever." "That's
bull, is what it is. Bull." |
2.
Red & Henry flirt with Wendy at the bar like they've been doing for 40 years, she throwing her bald head back with a squeal; smoke escapes her nostrils as she laughs thinking of Wicklow & the cricket boys out back calling her name while Old Mama O' brushed out her auburn curls after dinner. The sun sometimes stayed out 'til midnight there, she often tells them. "I dunno, Hanky, this chemo is really startin' to take its toll." "Well, it sure as hell shows what kinda woman y'are when ya' show up to run this place everyday." "Oh, you know I'm just comin' to see you, love." |
3.
1:35 a.m. the streetlamps on Kingshighway are mostly dark, shot out by streetkids, their grayish shards still dangle from wires like dead fruit about to drop. Sweaty cooks in their torn t-shirts smile & sneak a beer; they feel that breezy asphalt air suck away the damp along their necks as they rest before cleaning the kitchen & going home to something that lately seems too much like nothing. "You wanna come over & watch the game Sunday night or what?" "Sure, I guess. You wanna mop tonight or shall I?" |
"I'll take it. Just make sure
y'all clean out
that damn dishwasher drain you was s'posed to do it last week." |
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their hands brush by the stove and
they try not to notice, hoping no one sees the awkwardness between them. He too is trapped, but in her eyes he can see that she too looks forward to the tears the onion brings. |
The Poet
Mark
Boyle
He wraps
sentences around his fingers grips his pen, glides the ink,
as he funnels
the imagery into a ribbon
of silk. The audience
reaches out to grab the
poem, but it envelopes
them instead, tells them
things, they already
knew but in a way
they finally understand. If you listen
to the poet his persistant
p's or his falling
t's even the hidden
vowels between, you may hear
the word sing a lullabye that
puts babes to sleep or the purr of
a cat as it nuzzles
the sides of your legs feeling your
expierences. |
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He sent us newspapers from Chicago, Dallas, San
Francisco. We sprawled out on the floor, by the fire, shucking all the paper
that was not comics or entertainment listings. Everything was in color,
everything was huge. We concocted jealous fantasies of Karena's contemporary
life as if it were some future event of grandchildren. There would be: 7-11s,
rap music, IHOPs, 24 hour television and radio, cartoonish violencerampant
sex, with the shadows of home movie fifties, Super-8 cam sixties, the
burgeoning prospect of malls. There our cousin Karena, would be stuck pleasantly between the
everlasting prepubescent glow of Punky Brewster and the perky-breasted sexual
spectrum presented by the girls of Facts of Life.
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Open them all, like you are doing
something. She says, "haven't you done this before?" She will not look at you. She is not looking for an answer. When you go to take the garbage out, she tells the dogs that you are evil, and whatever time you come back, she will think to herself the it is way too early. |
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He was quiet. He would walk in the
alleyway.
He would say hello. He came to our parties and was smooth with the lesbians. He was my co-conspirator, we were both lonelystilled by loud
voices. We were both riding on the momentum of something we could hear coming. A couple of things for him: he was quiet; he had a black truck he parked in his ex-boyfriend's drivewaytitle in the glove box; he had cats; he never seemed to have anywhere to go. That morning they found him charred, by the back door, with his arms stretched out, as if fighting through smoke to reach a door knobhe almost made it. |
The cops were in my backyard
all day, stepping in my life, putting my bike beyond the realm of a police line. We watched from the windows. We watched us watching on the 5 o'clock news. That's how close we got. |
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She captures the rainbow
where it will stay young and free in reds, yellows, violets, and greens. To be seen by the People, its beauty eternally shared. |
Summer Storm
Monica Cadena
Tropical
depressions of currents leave undertows
like tattoos on
skin. Windy wet cold
fronts out of season condense and
define this slippery
second. In the calm eye
of Texas
humidity the inner waves
saturate the
air. Weather
triggers memories that live in
puddles left on the earth by
slanted
raindrops of reason. Clouds soon
break as sunlight
peaks through; the summer
storm ends and the warm
rays rejuvenate the skin. |
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The aroma of the market was of sour water,
mingled with the exotic tingling spices, cooked meat, and fresh fruits, and dirty bodies of homeless children. I realize I was not floating on a boat, I was standing in San Francisco, a busy neon Chinatown, bustling with Christmas shoppers. I try to look for the eastern sky, as it begins to rain, I try to find the mother I never knew, among the older Asian women. I whisper, mother where are you? |
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to the cadences they convey.
I have felt mamshitas attach themselves to my fears and magnify them beyond belief; just at the times I've been struggling the most to hold tight to faith, dispelling some of my hopes and dreams. So the question then if this is true, becomes how do we combat these together, you and I? Will the angels be on our side and guide us until the battle is through? |
Maybe simple thoughts
filled with light and love are more important now than controlling the skies above, or ponderments of an afterlife, when we still have a lot of life left right here and right now. |
Black
Kari McElfish
I sit in the
shadows and feel the
darkness panting down my neck, and wonder when
black became such a
sleepless night. If not for the
stars and moon, this black may
swallow, and hold me captive
without remorse, then spit me
out like fire when the sun
gets too hot. I twist my
fingers and hands into different
shapes; find black
shadows upon the wall. I paint this
soul of mine black, lie after lie my thoughts
turn darker. |
I notice the black
of your skin against the pale of my flesh what a beautiful contrast; my cheeks are crimson. I once saw a black cat run before my car, and still I wondered about the sleepless nights. |
Yo Tengo Que Darlo a Usted
Bear Montgomery
las manos
suave-escabrosas han habido terminado el
más más el trabajo agotador sin hacerlo
literalmente ellos han
pintado y han esculpido grande las obra de
arte sin alzar un cepillo o cincel ellos han
jugado en los conciertos, los entusiastas
de diez-mil ovaciones, sin rasguear un
solo instrumento, ellos han
cogido la ganancias incluso el tanto del
cuenco excelente sin ocuparse del
futbol ellos han hecho
todo casi posible eso ya puede lograr
pero en lugar
de decir la verdad, ellos quedarían
más bien simplemente a
usted |
I’ve Got
to Hand It to You
Bear Montgomery
soft-rugged
hands have been through the most exhausting work
without literally doing it they have painted
and sculpted great works of art
without lifting a brush or chisel they have
played in concerts, fans of
ten-thousand cheering, without strumming a single
instrument they have even
caught the winning touchdown of
the super bowl without handling
the football they have done
just about everything possible that hands can
achieve but instead of
telling the truth, they would
rather just lie to you |
Equinox
Elizabeth Pereira
Leaves droop, thick with
wilt. Zinnias stand
tall and parched and crisp, their once
vibrant petals now echoes of color, echoes of
color, fading to ash. Air hangs heavy and
thick, watching and weighted with stifling
haze to smother the
silence where nothing is heard, nothing is
heard save reflections of heat. Imperceptibly almost comes some sign
of change: the noiseless
lilt of a monarch's
wing, 6 or 8
birdsongs where once
there was one, a liquid
trickle of verdant air, |
or a shifting of light, more imagined
than seen,
more imagined than seen than a shadow by star. A sudden imbalance, the scale swings its arc, propelled by a butterfly's weight. A faraway presence moves southward at ease, summer undone falls apart. Water collects in great oceans of sky, then the tide rushes in, rushes in and then leaves. Rushes in and then leaves, pouring downward and out. |
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The Window
Elizabeth Pereira
The crows hop
on two feet across the lawn
covered with leaves. They fight
valiantly for an insect that has already
disappeared. The stretched
clouds are thin like smoke and the
leafless trees are tired. Still the lawn
is green and the crows
are watching yellow leaves with their
bright dark eyes. I am an old
woman. My feet are
always cold. I have only one
coin in each hand per day. My old friends
are older; they are not
like they were. And the dancing
women no longer look at me. It is enough
that the crows leave the lawn in a broken
line one after the
other. |
Winter
Evening, Chicago
Elizabeth Pereira
classical music floats gently like feathers from four-story bookstores and winds down the street twined with the fragrance of dark-roasted coffee, that mingles and sighs with the saxophone song of a talented man wearing mittens and scarves, in the ice-shaken wind under trees full of stars high above all the pale clouds knit together their chill icy substance surprisingly warm while the heedless white wind blasts with furious cold tearing sightless through streets leaving ice in its wake but halts in dismay at the rich golden light overflowing from doorways with caramel warmth |
and the ones laughing softly in
golden-lit squares
scatter showers of snowflakes good gifts to the ground which the wave-rushing wind spins in bright careless
circles as benevolent echoes sift down to the street where the air smells like water is nearly enough is more than enough to make winter seem good |
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A Reason to Rise
Cheryl Wanamaker
Released like
the yolk of a cracked
egg, you are as free
as a wild mustang on
Avery Island. No limits, no
lines to color in, while I stay behind like a
pair of shoes, that no longer
fit, life as unexciting
as Monday, a rainbow of
browns and grays, as
useless as a pair of mittens in
the summer, searching for a
reason to rise with
the morning sun. |
The Willow
Cheryl Wanamaker
Leaves blowing
in the breeze, branches stretching
out to the sky sang me to
sleep as she creaked in the wind Shaded me from
the sun, hypnotized me
with her undulating limbs Roots grasp the
moist ground, never quenching
her thirst Shallow roots
hidden beneath the ground mask her fatal
flaw of frailty Cut down by my
father I lay there
remembering, stripped of my
childhood |
Guatemalan
Antique
Thomas Patrick Miller
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Conrad nearly skidded in the
Grocery-Plus parking lot when he swung his '89 silver Honda Accord into the
west entrance. "Who the hell parked in my spot," Conrad mumbled as
his car made a winding and tapping sound while reversing. The horns of nearby
traffic died out as he walked through the automatic sliding doors of the
almost-closed grocery store. The store was occupied by sedated-clock-staring
cashiers and an old couple arguing about the best way to pick a grapefruit.
Conrad had just gotten off work and his shoes squeaked as they shuffled
across the cold tiled floor. He worked in a small greasy-spoon diner on
Interstate 52, where he stood for eight hours, spraying food off plates with
a high-powered wash-hose. His faded Chuck-Taylors always got wet and he never
noticed until he stepped into a place that was fortunate enough
to have air-conditioning during those Texas-hot summer months.
Conrad didn't even need to search for the leaning stack of swinging-arm
baskets to deftly swipe one into his hand. As his hand hovered above a bin of
peaches, systematically gauging the softness and occasionally bringing a
peach to his nose, he realized he was gritting his teeth and squeezing the
peaches with excessive force. He mumbled aloud mimicking his stepmother's
voice, "Why don't you get a better job?" He couldn't believe she
had the audacity to say that. Conrad was usually gentle with the peaches, but
his stepmother's comment from last night was still unfortunately on his mind.
He had no qualms about his profession, or better put, lack of profession, but
his family, especially his parents, were always digging at him. As he rolled
three peaches into the almost-clear plastic bag, he asked himself, "Why
does
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everyone insist on telling me what
to do with my life?" As he strolled by the softly humming and rattling
refrigerators of the dairy isle, he mentally agreed with her and his father
and their assessment that he could easily handle a better job. But he was
still angered at how openly his parents spoke of what he should and shouldn't
do with his life. When Conrad yanked his Horizon Vanilla Yogurt from one of
the refrigerators, he realized that the main thing that he was avoiding in
life was the same thing that has gotten the best of his older brother, father
and stepmotherand that was a life of monotonous routine. After slamming the
refrigerator door, he thought to himself, "Yeah, I do have a dead-end job
but at least I have a little variety in my life." The arm-basket began
to gain in weight and make a slight indention on his forearm. He shifted it
to his left arm as he headed for the bread and tortilla section. Digging into
the bread shelf, searching for a whole wheat, $2.19 for an unsliced loaf, he
thought of his parents and their uncomfortable reluctance to try new
restaurants or any of his foreign film suggestions. He smiled softly when he
thought of how he could invariably know where his entire family was during
any hour of the day; they were so stuck in their little worlds. He saw his
special loaf of bread hiding at the back of the shelf and felt better when he
snatched it and let it haphazardly roll out of his hand into the nearly full
basket. Returning to thoughts of his family, he felt relieved in knowing that
the people criticizing his life most adamantly had a great flaw that he felt
he was safe from. Conrad shuffled toward the coffee counter with this new
insight into his personal virtue and was slightly put back by the absence of
the colorful chalked words, which were usually placed under the third thermos
on the left, "Guatemalan Antique." There were only two thermoses
out on the counter and under both white chalk redundantly read "French RoastFrench
Roast."
“Excuse me!" Conrad said to a
young man mopping the floor.
"Yeah, what's up?" the
employee spurted out only after placing the mop in a yellow bucket full of
dingy water
Conrad anxiously formulated words,
"Um . . . . Where's the thermos of Guatemalan?"
"All out," the employee
responded as he snapped his gum loudly, one of Conrad's pet peeves.
Conrad spoke again, "What do
you mean? . . .you only have two thermoses of French Roast."
The employee said, "That's
right. Want some or not? I'm trying to close down here."
"I don't know," Conrad
replied with a look of bewilderment and kept going with, "did someone
forget to make it?" and "it's usually right here."
The employee stopped chewing his gum
with his mouth partially open and stared blankly into Conrad's eyes for what
seemed to Conrad a very long time. Feeling obligated to speak he said,
"yeah, I guess I don't have a choice. Give me a large of French
Roast."
When the employee handed over the
uncovered steaming cup of blackness,
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Conrad unintentionally mumbled,
"Do you still have lids?"
"Right in front of you," the employee said
with his back already turned away. "Well, that's different too," Conrad mumbled
to the retreating back. Conrad fumbled with the coffee lid while he was in
line, then traded his money for an almost-full brown paper bag. Two of the coffee bar employees watched Conrad exit the
sliding glass doors and walk in front of the huge glass windows that marked
the front of the store. One employee laughed when he saw Conrad take one sip
of his coffee, make a sour-milk face, spit on the sidewalk, and angrily throw
the whole cup into a near-by trash can. "What's so funny? What did you do to that guy's
coffee?" The other employee asked. "Nothing, that's the funny part, absolutely
nothing." "I don't get it . . . the guy looked as if he just
drank gasoline," the second said. "That guy comes in at the same time every Friday
night, gets all his groceries, then comes over here and
rudely orders one large Guatemalan Antique; every Friday it's the same story.
So tonight, I gave him Guatemalan Antique and told him it was French Roast .
. . I guess he couldn't handle the change." |
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Jacquelyn Tobert |
It must surely be the exact day,
hour and moment when summer collides with fall, she had thought. That first cool, crisp breeze that brings
with it not only the battle between the seasons, whether time will, in fact,
move on but the melancholy of things gone by and those yet to come. All thought past, present and future, for
her, seemed to come together all at once in something resembling a car crash.
She had experienced this collision
before and decided long ago that in such moments of chaos and clarity, it was
best just to sit still, ride it out, so to speak, or if possible get out of
the way.
Previous experience had told her
that movement in any direction at this moment could prove damaging or at the
very least fruitless. There would be
no decision making today except, of course, the wise educated choice she had
made to resume smoking after a year of health. Melancholy will do that to you, she knew.
She had read somewhere the formal
definition of melancholy was sadness but for here it was much more complicated. It is a moment, in her mind that does not
really produce one clear thought, more of an overview that seems to defy
vocabulary. Maybe it is assessment or
state of the union, but all she knew for sure was that it was generally
accompanied by the change of of the season.
How exactly had she arrived here,
and now that she was at this unexpected destination, which road from
here? Her eyes lazily drifted to the
trail of ants busily moving to and fro.
Obviously, they had felt the breeze as well but had interpreted it
differently. What silly creatures,
she thought, always moving, seemingly unaware of the greaater issues at
hand. She contemplated for a moment
about possibly tossing a twig in their way just for amusement, but then it
didn't seem that amusing.
She took a drag off her third cig and though how odd it
tasted after a year of absence, knowing full well that soon her body would
adjust itself and pick up the habit again. She raised her head just in time
to see the first leaf fall; her sense of melancholy intensified. A young boy, possibly eight or so, rides up the street
on his bicycle and pleased with the movement and distraction, her eyes
followed the movement. Similar to the oblivious ants, he too seems to be
unconcerned with the significance of the day. She realized immediately that
he lacks a key component in this collisiona past. He is young, and as she
contemplated the evil and the innocence of the boy, she saw a homeless man traveling down the street in his
direction. It struck her at once how strangely comfortable we have
become with the term homeless when in reality it is a human being without a
home. He has no porch, concrete or otherwise, no chair, and no closet. It is,
in essence, someone who carries all that he has collected and all that he
holds dear on his back. As she observed him from her porch, she decided he
was the quintessential indigent, beyond the worry of melancholy. He possessed
the standard heavy black overcoat and the common weary gait of a man who has
no familiar chair or place to rest. She knew this, she had crossed the street
at one time or another to avoid him or someone like him. The avoidance borne
not so much out of fear as discomfort, she diverted her gaze by focusing
again on the young boy. Her
attention peaked slightly as the man stopped the boy. She knew that this
combination was rarely acceptable, as any good jaded city girl would know.
What could this man possibly want with this child. The scenarios ran rampant
through her six o'clock news mind. Sexual molestation was at the top of the
list, with the idea of abduction close behind. She thought this sort of thing
happens all the time. The man obviously lived on the streets, lonely and
confused, most certainly this had taken its toll on him. Ransom perhaps, the
young boy did not appear to come from a background of large amounts of money,
but large amounts of money is a relative term. All she knew at that moment was that she had to have a
plan. She could opt for the ever-alert professionals at 911 or run into the
street screaming and rescue the innocent child. She had, of course, decided on 911 because as they
say in the south, |
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"her momma didn't raise no
fool," and besides that was their job after all, wasn't it.
Across the street there was movement between the two.
The old man handed the bag he was carrying to the boy. Simultaneously, the
boy released his grip on the handlebar and relinquished his bicycle to the
man. To her amazement, the man mounted the bike and began to quickly ride up
and down the street, his movement carving figure eights. His teeth gleamed
through his wind swept beard. The young boy stood by holding the man's worn
bag. She watched as the old man finished with screeching tires, rubber
against the black asphalt. His face was happy as he returned the bicycle to
the boy and took his bag. No words were exchanged as they parted company each
moving in their original direction; collision avoided. There was nothing, of course, left for her to do. She sat
back down and lit another
cigarette. She decided to quit after this pack, and returned her eyes to the
progress of the ants. |
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The Beginning of the Beat Culture and Its Effects
on American Society Lydia A. Rousey
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The Beat movement spanned the time
period between 1940 and 1960. It was not just a passing fad, but actualized
in the Beat culture, which continues to influence society today. In order to
evaluate and analyze this event in history and come to this conclusion, it is
important to first examine the men and women behind the movement, the Beat
Generation. Who are the Beats, what did they stand for, and how did it all
get started?
The Beat movement started with a small group of writers
who became a tight knit band of political and social visionaries. The
maverick poets and novelists included Jack Kerouac, William Burroughs, and
Allen Ginsberg, who all met in the Columbia University milieu. Other writers, rebels and hipsters who
joined in the group were Lucien Carr, David Kammerer, Neal Cassady, Herbert
Huncke, and John Clellon Holmes (Watson 5). Joan Vollmer was the first woman
to be a Beat (Watson 57). Other women, such as Carolyn Cassady, Joyce
Johnson, Hettie Jones and Diane DiPrima would become more substantial figures
(Watson 265). The movement was concentrated in New York's downtown scene, and
later the San Francisco contingent included poets Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Gary
Snyder, Gregory Corso, and Peter Orlovsky (Watson 5). The Beat Generation
also flourished at Black Mountain College and spread to Chicago and Denver,
developing into a
full-fledged culture of its own. |
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The Beats were in search of
"The New Vision," which they attempted to create by their use of drugs
and unconventional lifestyle. The literary works of innovative writers, such
as Jack Black's You Can't Win, Oswald Spengler's Decline of the
West , William Butler Yeat's A Vision, along with T.S Eliot and
Ezra Pound's poetry, guided the Beat Generation's own vision. These literary
works spoke of replacing morality with creativity. The poet, William Carlos
Williams, served as a mentor for the Beats.
This new vision was further defined by Beat slang. The
Beats created a language of their own by transforming and combining the slang
of all that was hip in their world: jazz, drugs, homosexuals, carnival and
circus workers, and African Americans (Watson 8). In the fall of 1945, Huncke introduced the word
"beat" to Kerouack, Ginsberg, and Burroughs. They used the word
"beat" to describe themselves as being beaten down by the world. The word "beat" was a drug
term associated with being robbed or cheated. In November of 1948, Kerouac
remarked to Holmes, "So I guess you might say we're a beat
generation." The Beat movement became a social rebellion against the
conformity of the 1950's. This rebellion was also a response to the
government's anti-Communist policies, also known as McCarthyism. The term
"Beat Generation" was later popularized when, in November of 1952,
Holmes wrote an article for the New York Times magazine entitled
"This Is the Beat Generation," describing Beat philosophy (Watson
3). "It involves a sort of nakedness of mind, and, ultimately, of soul;
a feeling of being reduced to the bedrock of consciousness. In short, it
means being undramatically pushed up against the wall of oneself"
(Holmes 22) In 1957, Kerouac published On The Road, and soon
after the media began promoting the Beat generation as a fad. San
Francisco Chronicle columnist Herb Cain coined the term
"beatnik". after
the October launching of the Russian "sputnik," asserting both the
satellite and the new bohemian type were "equally far out" (Watson
264). Beat followers were depicted as the cartoonish avant-garde who wore
black clothing and goatees, played bongos, drank cheap wine and smoked
marijuana, listened to jazz and hung out in coffee houses spouting poetry and
saying "Dig" and "Crazy!" (Watson 121). Though the Beats
never intended to lend (or sell out) their culture for commercial purposes,
images of the Beat Generation as cultural icons are still seen in today's
media. Kerouac provided this historical definition of the Beat Generation for
the Random House Dictionary : "Members of the generation that
came of age after World War II, who, supposedly as a result of
disillusionment stemming from the Cold War, espouse mystical detachment and
relaxation of social and sexual tensions" (Watson 5). The lesson we
derive from this event is that war and social expectations have a profound
effect on the human psyche. |
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This lesson is continuously played
out in history.
The Beat movement started out as a response to the
McCarthy era and the pressure to conform to an ordered society and ended as the
basis for the social movements to come. By examining Kerouac's definition one
can link the attitude of 1960's "free love" and "make love,
not war" to the Beat Generation. Even the 1960's language of
"sexual liberation" and "political revolution" can be
traced back to the Beats. The Beats not only spawned the hippies of the
1960s, but also the punks of the 1970s, and later served as a basis for the
alternative scene that blossomed in Seattle and Portland in the late 1980s
and early 1990s. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, musicians drew from
Burroughs' words. For example, "heavy metal" originated in Naked
Lunch's "heavy metal thunder" (Watson 307). Indeed, the Beat
Generation's nonconformist beliefs have made a major contribution to the
evolving counterculture in America, inspiring countless artistic endeavors. While
the Beats may have been looked upon suspiciously, they were in fact upholding
their freedoms guaranteed to them by the United States Constitution. It can
be argued that the Beats stood for their own brand of individualism, while
American society resembled a more totalitarian state during the 1950s. This
atmosphere of fear was a result of the "Red Scare." Unlike the Progressives before them, however, the
Beats did not start out to change the world. The Beats sought to create their
own world by removing themselves from conventional American society, often
traveling cross-country and beyond. They detached themselves from involvement
with the "squares," and rejected politics and materialism. They were
discontented with political corruption and saw capitalism as the enemy.
Though Beats sought to remove themselves from politics, some would later take
an active role in promoting social causes, such as civil rights and
protecting the environment. Allen Ginsberg said, "We realized there was a difference between the way we
talked...and what we heard on the radio if any president or congressmen or
even literary person began talking 'officialese'" (Knight xi). The Beat Generation was originally conceived as an
intellectual and spiritual revolution (Ciardi 254). The reason the Beats
chose withdrawal, rather than an attempt to change the system, was rooted in
their belief that the world would end with the creation of the atom bomb and
hydrogen bomb. The Beats sought to live out these beliefs by engaging their
imagination. It was a journey of exploring the intellect by means of
exaggerating the senses through the physical (drugs, sex, thrill seeking). They expressed their lives through their writings, most
famously, Kerouac's On the Road, Burrough's Naked Lunch and
Ginsberg's poetry, Howl. The Beats were also unique in that they
permeated every aspect of American popular culture from politics to movies
and fashion (Watson 4). Though some of the Beat slang is outdated, words like |
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"cool" have become
entrenched in American vocabulary. Their most significant impact, however,
lives on in American literature.
The Beats literary expressions of their world initially
went unpublished, and later gained notoriety in censorship trials. Their work
gradually infiltrated the mainstream, and to some degree, were accepted by
the traditional literary community who once shunned them. The publication of Naked
Lunch was a landmark in publishing history. It was the last literary work
to be suppressed by U.S. Customs, the U.S. Post Office, or a state
government. This marked an end to literary censorship in America (Watson
284). In this respect, the Beats solidified freedom of expression through the
written word as well as freedom of speech through their spoken poetry. Their
stories, once shrugged off as fad, were the basis for a new literary age and
are now considered classics. Arthur and Kit Knight, founders of the Beat
periodical Unspeakable Visions of the Individual, believe that the Beats "have given us the
only serious literary movement indigenous to this country" (Knight). The Beat
Generation became the voice for the marginal, the hip, the dispossessed urban
dweller (Watson 8). As such, the Beat culture continues to influence the
American arena today, in politics (activism), society (literature, art, the
alternative lifestyle), and commercial media (music, movies, and fashion). |
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