Utilizing critical thinking and the nursing process, the student will:

1. Compare and contrast risk factors associated with trauma and shock.

2. Analyze the etiology and pathophysiology for the following disorders:

• . Trauma
• . Shock

3. Analyze the signs and symptoms and complications of the following disorders:

• . Trauma
  1) Types of trauma
  2) Effects of traumatic injury
• . Shock
  1) Stages of shock
  2) Effect of shock on body systems
  3) Types of shock inc cardiogenic, obstructive, hypovolemic, distributive (septic, neurogenic and anaphylactic

4. Integrate the diagnostic tests with the etiology, pathophysiology, and signs and symptoms for the following disorders:

• . Trauma
  1) Blood type and cross
  2) BAC
  3) UDS
  4) Pregnancy test
  5) CT/MRI
  6) Other
• . Shock
  1) Cardiac and hemodynamic monitoring
  2) Frequent vital signs
  3) Urine output

5. . Formulate relevant prioritized nursing diagnosis that address physical, psychosocial, and learning needs.

• . Trauma
  1) Ineffective airway
  2) Risk for infection
  3) Impaired physical mobility
  4) Spiritual distress
  5) Risk for post-trauma syndrome
• . Shock
  1) Decreased cardiac output
  2) Altered tissue perfusion
  3) Anxiety

6. Formulate client and family centered goals that assist toward health promotion, maintenance, and/or restoration.

7. Prioritize and evaluate nursing interventions related to:

• . Drug therapy:
  1) Trauma
  (1) Volume expanders
  (2) Inotropes
  (3) Vasopressors
  (4) Opiods
  2) Shock
  (1) Fluid replacement
  (2) Positive inotropes
  (3) Vasodilators (mainly cardiogenic)
  (4) Vasoconstrictors (mainly distributive)
  (5)Vasoconstrictors (mainly distributive).

• Diet therapy
  1) Hypermetabolic states
• Surgical/Medical interventions:
  1) Trauma
  (1) Rapid head-to-toe assessment
  (2) Spinal immobilization
  (3) Oxygen therapy, airway maintenance
  (4) Other
  2) Shock
  (1) IAPB
  (2) VAD
  (3) Positioning of patient
  (4) Airway maintenance
  (5) Other
• . Patient teaching; therapeutic communication
• . Consider human and material resources, including delegation
• . Referrals
• . Other:
  1) Forensic considerations
  2) Organ donations

8. Evaluate and revise goals and modify the nursing care plan specific to the individual experiencing trauma and shock.

9. Integrate associated issues and trends into nursing practice:

• . Legal
• . Ethical considerations

10. Analyze emergency rooms and critical care units, and the nurses' role in each area.

Learning Activities: