AUSTIN COMMUNITY COLLEGE
MEDICAL LABORATORY
TECHNOLOGY
Parasitology/Mycology –
Web-Based Course Syllabus
Instructor:
Dale
Dingley, MPH, M (ASCP)
Phone:
327 9767 - Office
Office:
RVS Bldg. D, Room 6108
Length
of Course:
16 Weeks
|
Topic |
Page # |
|
INTRODUCTION |
2 |
|
PREREQUISITES |
2 |
|
COURSE GOALS |
2 |
|
SCAN COMPETENCIES |
2-3 |
|
METHODS OF INSTRUCTION |
3 |
|
TEXTBOOKS |
4 |
|
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
& REGULATIONS |
4 |
|
STUDENT ASSISTANCE
POLICY |
4 |
|
STUDENT EVALUATION |
4-5 |
|
DETERMINATION
OF FINAL GRADE |
4-5 |
|
PROMOTION, FAILURE/DISMISSAL |
5 |
|
SPECIAL LABORATORY
REQUIREMENTS |
5 |
|
MATERIALS OF INSTRUCTION |
5 |
|
LECTURE AND READING
ASSIGNMENT SCHEDULE |
6 |
|
INSTRUCTIONAL
OBJECTIVES & COURSE OUTLINE |
7-12 |
I. INTRODUCTION
| |
This course will acquaint the student with the subjects
of clinical parasitology and medical mycology. Parasite/host relationships and
their effects, descriptions of life cycles of parasites, microscopic
examination and preservation of specimens are stressed. General classification
and characteristics of pathogenic fungi are presented. The laboratory exercises will concentrate on preparation
of specimens, laboratory procedures, and identification of organisms
encountered in parasitology and mycology studies.
|
II. PREREQUISITES
The student must have MLT department
head approval.
III. COURSE GOALS
Upon successful completion of this course, the
student should be able to:
•
Examine and determine
suitability of specimens for examination.
•
Prepare of preserve
specimens for analysis.
•
Determine the presence
of and identify human parasites and fungal forms.
•
Demonstrate and understanding
of the life cycle and pathogenicity of parasites and fungi.
IV.
SCANS COMPETENCIES
Recently, the U.S.
Department of Labor established the Secretary’s Commission on Achieving Necessary
Skills (SCANS) to examine the demands of the workplace and whether the nation’s
students are capable of meeting those demands. The Commission determined that
today’s jobs generally require competencies in the following areas:
A. Resources:
Identifies, organizes, plans, and allocates resources.
B. Interpersonal:
Works with others.
C. Information:
Acquires and uses information.
D. Systems:
Understands complex interrelationships.
E. Technology:
Works with a variety of technologies.
The Texas Higher Education
Coordinating Board is now requiring all degree plans in institutions of higher
education incorporate these competencies and identify to the student how these
competencies are achieved in course objectives. In MLT 2603, Parasitology/Mycology,
examples of SCANS competencies being incorporates are as follows:
|
COMPETENCY
Resources
Interpersonal
Information
Systems
Technology
|
EXAMPLE
Performs technical procedures such as reagent preparation,
specimen collection, and processing of clinical specimens using a variety of
standardized staining and concentration of techniques; performs macroscopic
and microscopic examinations of processed specimens; detects and identifies
stages of parasites present; organizes work and allocates materials and
supplies in an efficient manner.
Demonstrates and understanding of the profession of
Medical Laboratory Technician while exhibiting professional and ethical
behavior in dealing with patients and other medical professionals; maintains
a professional demeanor and appearance.
Evaluates quality control results ascertaining that
results are within established parameters; reports out-of-range results to
instructor; performs preventive maintenance on laboratory equipment;
understands and practices approved safety techniques including Universal
Precautions in all laboratory procedures; reports any accident or harmful
situation to instructor.
Understands and implements corrective action when quality
control results fall outside expected parameters; uses problem solving skills
to troubleshoot unexpected circumstances.
Operates basic laboratory
equipment; understands the intended use, care, and mechanical function of
various types of microscopes and centrifuges; is competent in the use of
computers and common software.
|
V. METHODS
OF INSTRUCTION
The course
is internet based. All materials must be completed within the time frame designated
in the course advertisement. Lectures are posted on the instructor’s website as
MS Word and Adobe PDF documents. Internet resources include streaming video
presentations of procedures, practice examinations, and links to helpful sites.
VI.
TEXTBOOKS
A. Required:
Leventhal & Cheadle, Medical Parasitology, A Self-Instructional Text, 4th Edition.
B. Recommended: Howard,
B.J. etal, Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, (2nd edition). Mosby, Inc.
C. Reference: Monroe &
Spencer, Color Atlas of Intestinal Parasites. C.V. Thomas Company.
VII. COURSE
REQUIREMENTS AND REGULATIONS
A. Attendance
Students will be required
to be present for mid-term and final examinations. These will be presented in
the ACC testing center.
B. Student
Assistance Policy
It is the sincere desire of
the program faculty to aid each student in developing his/her professional
potential. Academic, clinical, and those personal problems that interfere with
the students development are of concern to the faculty. The program faculty has
adopted the following policy:
Personal Problems - The MLT student should
feel free to make an appointment to discuss problems of a personal nature with
a faculty member of his/her choice. In addition, the ACC counselors are
available for student counseling.
Academic Problems - Problems encountered in
the MLT lecture and/or laboratory sections should be brought to the attention
of the course instructor. The instructor will work with the student to resolve
the problem. If the student feels he/she cannot reach an agreement with the
instructor, the student should present the situation to the program department
head. All discussions with the faculty will remain confidential.
VII.
STUDENT EVALUATION
A.
Measurement, Cognitive
Written examinations will be given at midterm
and at the end of the course. These must be taken in person. Practice tests
will be available as “online resources” throughout the semester.
B.
Measurement, Practical
Proficiency in the
laboratory will be measured by student performance on assigned unknown
specimens. These will be presented in the form of images on a “virtual
microscope.” In addition, there will be questions associated with streaming
video presentations of various procedures. These questions will be offered at
the end of each procedure discussed.
C.
Determination of Final Grade
Lecture = 2/3 of Final
Grade. Points
generated from midterm and final examinations, computer exercises make up 2/3
of the lecture grade.
Laboratory: 1/3 of Final
Grade. Points
are given for successful identification of unknowns and accurate completion of
other online laboratory exercises.
Grading
System:
A = 90 - 100%
B = 80 - 89%
C = 75 - 79%
D = 60 - 74%
F = 59% or
below
I = Incomplete. To receive
and “I”, a student must have a passing average (75% or better) and have
complete at least 80% of the course work.
W = Withdrawal: Consult
with your instructor before any consideration of withdrawing.
IX. PROMOTION, FAILURE AND/OR DISMISSAL FROM THE
PROGRAM
A minimum grade of “C”
(75%) is required in all MLT courses. Failure to meet the minimum passing score
upon retesting may result in termination from the program. Any student
may be withdrawn from the program for excessive absences (see Attendance
Policy), consistently failing to meet class assignments, disruptive conduct
detrimental to the ethics of Medical Laboratory Technology.
The student may utilize the
“Student Grievance Procedure of Austin Community College” in the disposition of
a grievance or complaint without fear of recrimination or retaliation.
X. SPECIAL LABORATORY REQUIREMENTS
It is the responsibility of
the student to prepare for online laboratory sessions. Each student is
responsible for his/her own work.
XI. MATERIALS OF INSTRUCTION
Lectures available in both MS Word and Adobe PDF
format will be available on the instructor’s web site throughout the duration
of the course. It is required that students take the lessons in order, since
each will build on the previous presentation in most instances. Laboratory
procedures will be presented in streaming video format, as well as still images
with text descriptions. Each will be accompanied by a set of questions designed
to determine if the student understands the intricacies of the respective procedure.
LECTURE AND READING ASSIGNMENT SCHEDULE
|
Date
Section 1
Section 2
|
Topic
Introduction to Clinical Parasitology; Laboratory
Methods; Helminths
Helminths, cont.
|
Assignments
Course Syllabus; Text; Student Lecture Guide
Text; Lecture Guide
|
|
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
|
Helminths cont.; Protozoa
Protozoa, cont.
Protozoa, cont.;
Arthropods
|
Text; Lecture Guide
Text; Lecture Guide
Text; Lecture Guide
|
|
Mid-term
Examination
|
|
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
|
Introduction to Mycology; Laboratory Procedures;
Immunology of Fungi; Identification of Clinically Important Fungi
Fungal Contaminants; Opportunistic Fungi;
Superficial Mycoses; Dermatophytes
Subcutaneous Mycoses;
Systemic Mycoses
|
Text; Lecture Guide
Text; Lecture Guide
Text; Lecture Guide
|
|
Final
Examination
|
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
AND COURSE OUTLINE
Parasitology
|
Instructional Objectives
|
Course Outline
|
|
Upon completion of this material,
the student should be able to:
|
Where the objective is located:
|
|
Describe the importance of
parasites in relation to patients who are at risk of acquiring parasitic
infections; describe what populations are and are not expected to harbor a
multitude of parasitic
infections
Define the terms parasite, definitive host,
intermediate host, reservoir host, vector, mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism
Describe various ways a parasite can damage the
host
Describe the various modes of parasite transmission
Evaluate the types of specimens submitted for
diagnosis of parasites
List substances which may interfere with stool
examination; associate the stages of parasites expected in stool specimens of
different consistencies
Describe methods used for submitting stool
specimens to the laboratory
Evaluate preservatives
used to collect stool specimens for parasitological examination
|
I. Introduction
II. Specimen Collection
A.
Type of Specimens
B. Contaminates & Consistency
C. Collection Methods
D. Fixatives and Preservatives
|
|
Describe the contents of
stool collections kits.
Describe the minimum number and time frame for
collecting stool specimens
Describe in detail the procedure for gross
examination of stool specimens
Describe the purpose of a “ direct wet film”
State the purpose of “stained wet mount”
Evaluate flotation vs. sedimentation concentration
techniques.
State the advantages and disadvantages of various
permanent staining techniques; describe factors that may affect permanent
staining
Evaluate other tests that
aid in diagnosis or evaluation of parasitic infections.
|
E. Stool Collection Kits
F.
Specimen Collection
III. Techniques for Stool Examination
A.
Gross Examination
B.
Direct Wet Mounts
C.
Stained Wet Mounts
D.
Concentration Techniques
E.
Permanent Stained Smears
IV. Special Techniques
A.
Special Stains
B.
Serology
C.
Molecular Methodologies
D. Quantitative
Egg Count
E.
Culture Techniques
F.
Animal Inoculation; xenodiagnosis
|
|
Discuss the use of other
specimens in diagnosing specific parasitic infections.
Describe the procedure for preparing thick and thin
blood films; describe the procedure for staining blood films
Discuss the life cycle of each parasite studied; discuss
the infective and diagnostic stages of each parasite studied
Discuss the diagnostic morphology of each parasite
studied.
Discuss the epidemiology and pathology of each
parasite studied
|
V. Use of other Specimens
A.
Cellophane tape Swabs
B. Genital
Specimens
C.
Urine
D.
Sputum
E.
Aspirates & Biopsies
F.
Sigmoidoscopy
G.
Abscess Material
H.
Muscle Biopsy
VI. Procedures for Blood & Tissue Parasites
A.
Collection of Blood Samples
B.
Examination of Blood Samples
VII. The Nematodes
A. The Cestodes
B. The Trematodes
C. The Protozoa
D. The Arthropods
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MYCOLOGY
|
Instructional Objectives
|
Course Outline
|
|
Upon completion of this material, the student
should be able to:
|
Where the objective is
located:
|
|
Define Mycology
Differentiate between molds and yeast
Define the basic terms used to describe the fungi
both microscopically and macroscopically
Discuss the various classifications of the Fungi
Discuss the procedures used in properly collecting
specimens for mycology
Discuss the reasons for Direct Examination of every
mycology specimen
Discuss the use of various stains used in mycology
examinations
Discuss various techniques
and media used for cultivating fungi; discuss the effects of time and
temperature on fungal growth; define rapid, intermediate and slow growth
rates
|
I. Overview of Mycology
II. Definitions
III. Classifications of Fungi
A.
Geographic Grouping
B.
Epidemiological Grouping
C.
Taxonomic Grouping
D.
Topographic Grouping
IV. Laboratory Methods in Mycology
A.
Collection, Handling & Processing Clinical Mycology Specimens
B.
Direct Examination of Specimens
1. Saline Wet Mount
2. KOH Preparation
C.
Stains
1. Lactophenol cotton blue
2. PAS
3. Methenamine Silver
4. Acid-Fast Stains
D.
Fungal Culturing
1. Media
2. Agar Types
3. Special Applications Agar
4. Acid-Fast Stains
|
|
Describe the methods of
inoculation of various media for fungal isolation
Discuss the terms used to describe colony
morphology
Compare teased mount and slide culture techniques;
describe morphological features used to identify fungi on these
preparations
Discuss biochemical studies of the Fungi
Discuss “germ tubes and chlamydospores”
Discuss the use of skin tests and serology in
identifying mycoses
Discuss the properties of fungal contaminants
Discuss conditions in which a saprophyte might
serve as an opportunistic pathogen
Discuss the diseases
caused by opportunistic pathogens
|
V. Techniques for
isolation of fungi
A.
Inoculation
B.
Incubation
C.
General Considerations
D.
Colony Morphology
E.
Microscopic Evaluation
1. Methods
2. Terms for microscopic features
3. Biochemical Studies
a.
Carbohydrate fermentation
b.
Carbohydrate assimilation
c.
Nitrogen assimilation
4. Other Tests
5. Serological tests
6. Hypersenstitivity
VI. Saprophytes
A.
Contaminants
B.
Medium used to Inhibit growth
C.
Groupings
D.
Members
|
|
Discuss the yeast
including which tests are used to differentiate them; germ tube, carbohydrate
assimilation and fermentation, capsule production, pigment production
Discuss the diseases caused by the yeasts: candidiasis,
cryptococcosis, geotrichosis, torulopiasis
Discuss the bacteria-like fungi
Discuss the terms “sulfur granules” and
actinomycotic mycetoma, nocardiosis
Discuss the term Biphasic or Dimorphic
Discuss the dimorphic organisms and the disease they
cause
Describe the mycoses based upon “body site”
List the diseases and causes of superficial mycoses
List the diseases and causes of cutaneous mycoses
List the diseases and
causes of the subcutaneous mycoses
List the diseases and causes
of the systemic mycoses
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VII. Yeasts
VIII. Bacteria-like Fungus
IX. Biphasic fungi
A. Sporothrix
schenkii
B. Coccidioides
immitis
C. Histoplasma
capsulatum
D. Blastomyces
dermatids
E. Paracoccidioides
braziliensis
X. Types of Mycoses based on Body Site
A.
Superficial mycoses
B.
Cutaneous mycoses
C. Subcutaneous mycoses
D. Systemic mycoses
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