THE BEFORE TIME IN THE LONG, LONG AGO [Chapter 1]
How did Native Americans get here?
What is the Neolithic Revolution?  How did the Neolithic Revolution allow Native Americans to advance their civilizations?  Can you give examples of their advancement?
Why did the Viking colonies fail?
What developments in Europe allowed for exploration and colonization efforts?
What motives drove the various expedition of Portugal?
Why were Ferdinand and Isabella so anxious to fund Columbus’ expedition?
What drove the Conquistadors’ endeavors?
What elements of Spain’s success encouraged other European nations to colonize?
Identify the Spanish expeditions of the Southwest US and their importance.
What was the main export from the New World to France?  How did this influence French relations with the Indians?
For what reasons did the English fail to colonize after the Cabot expeditions?
For what reasons did Henry VIII break from the Roman Catholic Church?
Why did colonization of the New World become attractive to the English in the 1570s?
Why did Sir Humphrey Gilbert champion English colonization of the New World?
TERMS: Erik the Red, Leif the Red, Hernan Cortes, Jacques Cartier, La Salle, Elizabeth I, Sir Walter Raleigh, Roanoke colony

CHESAPEAKE [Chapter 2]
What is the formula for mercantilism?  What is the chief purpose of this system?  Identify the characteristics of the mercantile system.
What was the chief problem with colonizing America and what was the inventive solution to that problem?
What problems did the colonists encounter at Jamestown?
Why did the Virginia Company reform the Jamestown charter?  What were the provisions of these reforms?
What events in Jamestown finally curtailed the mortality rate?
What were the circumstances surrounding the founding of Maryland?
TERMS: monocultures, metropole, Jamestown, John Smith, “seasoning time”

NEW ENGLAND [Chapter 2]
Why did the Scrooby Congregation leave England for Holland?  Why did they leave Holland for America?
For what reasons were English Puritans dissatisfied with James I and Charles I?
How did Massachusetts Bay maintain firm control over their colony?  Why did they do so?
Be familiar with Puritan concept of covenant.  How did it influence their form of government?  What kind of problems would it cause?
Identify the challenges presented to Puritan doctrines by Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson.
How did the Pequot War set a pattern for future English-Indian wars?  What factors prevented the Indians from driving the English out of America?
Identify why there are two different phases of English colonization of the North American continent.
Who were the original settlers of New York?  What factors would lead to the British conquest of New York?
What was the original intent for the founding of Georgia?  What restrictions did the colonists complain about?
TERMS: Scrooby Congregation, John Winthrop, William Bradford, William Penn, James Oglethorpe

SOLIDIFYING AN EMPIRE [Chapter 3]
What were the provisions of the Navigation Act?  What were the provisions of the Staple Act?
Why did James II set up the Dominion of New England?  What actions of James led to the Glorious Revolution?

INDIAN WARS [Chapter 3]
Why did the Spanish allow Indians to settle in Spanish Florida?
Identify Spain’s reasons for attempting to assimilate Indians into society.
Identify the causes behind Bacon’s Rebellion and the course of the war.
Identify the causes and course of King Phillip’s War.

SALEM WITCH TRIALS [Chapter 3]
Can you explain mindset, precedent, and women in regards to the Salem Witch Trials?
Identify how primogeniture escalated tensions between Salem Town and Salem Village.  Also, what is primogeniture?
Identify the reasons for the end of the witch trials.
What are some of the possibilities for the witch hysteria as discussed in class?
According to Puritans, what was the place of women in society?  What deviations from this might lead to accusations of witchcraft?
What was the leading factor in the accusations against men?
TERMS: Tituba, “spectral evidence”

AFRICANS IN THE NEW WORLD [Chapter 3]
For what reasons were slaves needed in the New World?
Why was the status of blacks in the colonies uncertain for so long?  What caused their status as slaves to be confirmed?
Identify the reasons for the increase of blacks in the colonies after the 1680s.
Identify the three geographic areas of slavery in North America, which areas have the fewest and most slaves and how those factors contributed to slaves retention of their original heritage?
Identify the methods of slave resistance.
Why did Spain allow escaped slaves to live in Spanish Florida?  Why did escaped slaves avoid the interior?
TERMS: saltwater slaves, Stono Rebellion

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTS
What were the concerns about religious life that developed by the mid 18th century?
What were the results of the Great Awakening?

SEVEN YEARS WAR [Chapter 4]
How did the Seven Years War differ from previous wars between Britain and France?
Identify the Indians reasons for supporting the French.
Identify why the British wanted to expand into the Ohio Valley.
Identify the aspects of Benjamin Franklin’s Albany Plan and the reasons for its rejection.
Identify the reasons for British success in the war.
Identify the terms of the 1763 Paris Peace Treaty and the impact of the war.
TERMS: “three rivers”, Fort Duquesne, George Washington, James Wolfe

*******
Albion’s Seed

FAMILY WAYS
Massachusetts
Be able to define “Puritan tribalism”.
What evidence does Fischer point to as proof that innermost nuclear ring was the most important among Puritans?
What responsibilities did tithingmen have?
What evidence does Fischer offer that family hierarchy among Puritans centered on age?
What was the penalty for stubborn or rebellious sons over the age of 16?

Virginia
What evidence does Fischer present of Virginia’s emphasis on extended family?
Be able to define “kin-neighborhood”.
Why did Chesapeake households contain more step-relatives and wards?
In what ways did Virginia differ in terms of number of children, servants, lodgers, step-relatives, and visitors?

Delaware:
How did the Quakers define family?  What examples does Fischer provide?
What did John Bartram find astonishing about Quaker households that exemplifies the equality of Quakers?

MARRIAGE WAYS
Massachusetts
What is a “thornback”?
How does Fischer define “self-marriage”?  What was the punishment for such an offense?
What is “bundling”?
What were the approved reasons for divorce?

Virginia
What was the difference between Virginia and Massachusetts regarding the permanence of marriage?
What is a broomstick marriage and to which group did it hold a special meaning?
What does the text mean by “changed her condition, but not her name”?

RELIGIOUS ORIGINS
Massachusetts
Puritan migrants were most concerned about whose spiritual condition?
What were the requirements for joining a church?
In Salem, which group was not likely to be church members?
Be familiar with the five points of Calvinist doctrine.

Delaware
Why did Quakers suffer at the hands of Anglican clergy in England?
How did Quakers differ from Puritans in application of Biblical passages?
What is the Inner Light?
How was Quaker church government different from Puritan and Anglican?

SEX WAYS
Massachusetts
How did the Puritans define adultery?  What was the punishment for the offense?  What was the effect on prenuptial pregnancy?
How did the Puritans define unnatural sex and what were the penalties for it?
Why were the Puritans opposed to contraception?

Virginia
How did punishment for adultery and fornication differ from Massachusetts?
What was the punishment for servants who became pregnant out of wedlock?
How did bloodlines make a difference in viewing adultery in the Chesapeake region?
What examples of planter predators are given?  Which two female groups were at high risk for assault by planter predators?