The Coronado Expedition

HISTORY 2301

Unit 1

Discovery To Independence

Behavioral Objectives (Test Items)

Here are the specific tasks you will be called upon to perform successfully on the Unit I Exam. The information required for mastery of the reading objectives is contained in Chapters 1-3 of The History of Texas . The information required for mastery of the lecture objectives is contained in the lectures for this unit - "Where Worlds Collide: Challenging the Texas Stereotype", "The Missions and Mission System in Spanish Texas", and "Many a Cause, Many a Conflict: The Texas Revolution".

READING OBJECTIVES

Contact of Civilizations

1. Describe the manner in which human beings first came to the Western Hemisphere.
2. Identify and describe the major pre-Columbian civilizations in the Western Hemisphere including each of the following: (a.) Mayan, (b.) Toltec, (c.) Aztec, (d.)Incan.
3. Identify and describe the three less sophisticated Indian civilizations on the North American continent.
4. Identify and describe the four cultural groups of Native Americans living in Texas at the time of Columbus' arrival in the New World and the specific tribes/nations in each cultural group.
5. Be familiar with the Reconquista (the reconquest of Iberia) and identify the impacts the experience had on Spanish exploration and colonization of the New World.
6. Be familiar with each of the following Spanish New World expeditions being sure to identify the leader, the purpose of the expedition, areas explored and/or conquered, and the effect of the expedition on Spanish interest in that area: (a.) Christopher Columbus, (b.) Juan Ponce de Leon, (c.) Hernan Cortes, (d.) Fransisco Pizarro, (e.)Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, (f.) Friar Marcos de Niza, (g.) Fransisco Vasquez de Coronado, (h.) Hernan de Soto/Luis de Moscoso de Alvarado.
7. Identify and describe colonization methods of the Spanish first developed during the Reconquista being sure to include each of the following elements: (a.) an autocratic king and his subordinates, (b.) the presidio, (c.) the mission , (d.) the interrelationship of the Catholic Church and the Spanish Crown, (e.) the civilian settlement (villa), (f.) pobladores (settlers), (g.) rancho.
8. Describe the activities of Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, the reaction of the Spanish to his explorations and founding of Fort St. Louis, and be familiar with the founding of Spanish missions in East Texas, their withdrawal, and subsequent reestablishment.
9. Identify the earliest Spanish settlements in Texas being sure to include each of the following: (a.) Nacogdoches, (b.) San Antonio de Bexar/San Fernando de Bexar, (c.)La Bahia/Goliad, (d.) Laredo, (e.) San Gabriel, (f.) San Saba.

1. Specify the reasons pobladores immigrated to the Texas frontera (aside for the government objective) as well as the factors which explain why so few actually did come to Texas.
2. Describe in detail the following frontier institutions of the Spanish frontera in Texas as well as the living conditions in each: (a.) missions, (b.) presidios. (c.) ranchos, (d.) farms, (e.) towns/villas.
3. Be familiar with the social classes in Texas and explain the reasons that social stratification was so much less pronounced in Texas than in the other areas of New Spain.
4. Contrast the effects of Spanish colonization on the various Indian groups in Texas.
5. Identify the Bourbon Reforms (p. 44) and describe how they helped unleash unrest in New Spain that would eventually result in a war of independence in Mexico.
6. Identify the New Regulations of Presidios of 1772, which were an outgrowth of the Marques de Rubi's inspection tour of the frontera, how the residents of Texas reacted to these actions, and the success of Spain's new tactics with respect to the Plains Indians.
7. Define secularization and explain why Spain ceased its subsidization of the missions in Texas.
8. Identify the impact the unrest in Mexico had in Texas.
9. Evaluate the successes, failures, and enduring impacts of Spanish colonialism in Texas as that era came to an end in 1821.

1. Be familiar with the outcome of the Mexican Revolution in 1821 which eventually brought federalist forces to power.
2. Enumerate the problems which plagued post-revolutionary Mexico and hypothesize as to how these difficulties effected the new nation's ability to administer Texas effectively.
3. Be familiar with the various filibustering expeditions into Texas between 1806 and 1821 as well as how these events influenced Spanish and then Mexican attitudes towards Americans and the United States: (a.) the Nolan Expedition, (b.) the Wilkinson Incursion, (c.) the Long Expedition.
4. Be familiar with the changing border between Texas and the United States following the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 including those laid out by the Neutral Ground Agreement and the Transcontinental Treaty.
5. Identify the reasons Mexico decided to allow Americans to formally immigrate to Texas.
6. Describe the Imperial Colonization Law of 1823 under which Stephen F. Austin was authorized to settle Americans in Mexican Texas.
7. Detail the type of government created by the Mexican Constitution of 1824 and be familiar with how Texas was dealt with under that document.
8. Characterize the State Colonization Law of March 24, 1825 being sure to detail the provisions, conditions, and benefits of American immigration into Mexican Texas under this policy.
9. Describe the insurrection in Haden Edward's colony in East Texas which led to the short-lived Freedonian Republic, how the Mexican government and Stephen F. Austin reacted, and how the event effected Mexico's attitude toward Americans in Texas.
10. Characterize the finding of Manuel de Mier y Teran's report to the Mexican government concerning the state of affairs in Texas.
11. Describe the changes in affairs brought about by the Law of April 6, 1830.
12. Trace efforts by both Anglo Texans, Tejanos, and other Mexican groups to abolish the Law of April 6, 1830 being sure to identify steps taken by : (a.) the consultation in October, 1832 in San Felipe, (b.) the complaints voiced by Juan Seguin and other citizens of Bexar, (c.) the consultation held in San Felipe in 1833.
13. Be familiar with the eventual revokation of the sections of the Law of April 6, 1830 dealing with Anglo immigration into Texas as well as steps taken by both the Mexican congress and the Coahuilan legislature aimed at addressing Texans' grievances.
14. Describe the role of slavery and blacks in Mexican Texas.
15. Describe the situation of both Tejanos and native Indians in the 1820s-numbers, concentrations, economic conditions, etc.
16. Identify steps taken by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna and centralists in 1834-35 which abolished the federalist Constitution of 1824, replaced elected representative state assemblies with officers appointed by Santa Anna, and otherwise centralized all governmental power in Mexico City.
17. Identify actions taken by the Consultation of 1835 held in San Felipe as well as the reaction of Santa Anna and the Mexican government to the demands of the consultation and the outbreak of hostilities.
18. Describe the steps taken by delegates meeting in convention in Washington-on-the-Brazos in March, 1836.
19. Be familiar with the various causes of the Texas Revolution put forward by historians.
20. Identify and describe each of the following military conflicts: (a.) the skirmish at Gonzales (October, 1835), (b.) the Texas attack upon and occupation of the Alamo (December, 1835), (c.) the siege of the Alamo (February-March, 1836), (d.) the Battle of Coleto Creek and the Massacre at Goliad (March,1836), (e.) the Runaway Scrape (February - April, 1836), (f.) the Battle of San Jacinto (April 21, 1836).
21. Be familiar with the particulars of the Treaties of Velasco signed following the Battle of San Jacinto.

"Where Worlds Collide: Challenging the Texas Stereotype"

1. Be familiar with misconceptions about the geography and environment of Texas popularly held by many Americans.
2. Identify, describe in detail, and be able to locate the three major physical divisions of Texas and explain how these are actually extensions of major North American physical regions into Texas.
3. Identify and be able to locate on a map each of the following rivers: Rio Grande, Pecos, Nueces, San Antonio, Guadalupe, Colorado, Brazos, Sabine, and Red.
4. Be familiar with the rainfall patterns in Texas.
5. Be familiar with the following weather phenomena which characterize Texas historically: drought, flooding, tornadoes, hurricanes.
6. Compare and contrast in detail the three "worlds" of Texas (Easttex, Westex. amd Mextex) in terms of immigration sources, and distinctive culture as characteristics.