WPC& Ѝ>MNXʒ n<ʘ^׬3{97Ge> p%ZAY55h {HphVHaq'7l8ҹ>7~s4{v~&F]Ib:R:[}ުkҚ"6 R΢M@$@hi9'0s>UZ.*.@n]R?Fw~5@'pKG.l+K-E􆹡(W %#N%ȼAa`G?!HDzm-m@[h!؍؆D }eHWQ_Vn~M6B17zC}33f6ZAJ&솶eSb Ip,?ϳy.(w) xddEXC(#A(3$ !   @)  _XXA]>) xddEXW(#A X     1  (3$ !  '\  `Roman PS(3$ !   ## C Xd#(UEGMSY_ekqAutoList18I.I.I.I.I.I.I.I.DI.(eEGMSY_ekqAutoList191.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.F1.(EGMSY_ekqAutoList20I.I.I.I.I.I.I.I.(hH  Z(Times New Roman HI. V L(  _XMLAB1235Immunology/Serology(3$ !   d !  _&.%XX4&.%%&.XXXX  _[ %  C8 K9 XXdd8<.m &jd%%4&. 7% &jdcb     &jd% 74&.%% &jd_MLAB_Ԁ1235Immunology/Serology.m)4&.%%4&.4&.%%4&.cb       ?KCourseObjectivesandCourseO .m &jd%%4&. 7% &jdcb     &jd% 74&.%% &jdoutline.m#4&.%%4&.4&.%%4&.cb    e    Fall_2005 _    (KX%X%(#&.%%4&.J#I&.%%&. (Uh83"3"  32Uh  1  .3  0    #&.%%I&.=#I&.%%&.Define immunologyand immunity.3 ݌ VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  2  .3  0    Describetheprocessandpurposeofvaccination.3H݌ p VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  3  .3  0    Define attenuatedasitrelatestovaccine.3B݌; VV Ќ  "3"  3 2Uh  4  .3  0    Describehowcellularimmunitydiffersfrom   humoralimmunity.3 ? ݌ VV Ќ  "3"  3- 2Uh  5  .3  0    Define serology.3- Z ݌sXVV Ќ  "3"  3 2Uh  6  .3  0    Describethenonspecificpathwayand4defense  mechanismsinvolved.3 > ݌VV Ќ  "3"  33 2Uh  7  .3  0    Describethefollowingexternaldefense [@ mechanismsandlistexamplesofeach:physical 3 barriers,physiologicalfactorsandfactorswhich   modifyexternaldefensemechanisms.33 ` ݌VV Ќ  "3"  3 2Uh  8  .3  0    Listthe4classicsignsoftheinflammatory x response.3 ݌kPVV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  9  .3  0    Describetheprocessinvolvedininflammation.3&݌ VV Ќ  "3 "  32Uh  10  .3  0    Describe3mechanismsbywhichbacteriaor  " organismswhichfurtherinvadethebodyare !# destroyed.3݌{"`$VV Ќ  "3 "  3E2Uh  11  .3  0    Describeeachofthefollowingstepsinvolvedin +$ & _phagocytosis_:initiation,_chemotaxis_,adherence, % ' engulfment,anddigestion.3Er݌%!(VV Ќ  "3 "  32Uh  12  .3  0    List3solubletissueandserumsubstanceswhich 'p#* helptosuppressthegrowthorkill c(H$+ microorganisms.3!݌;) %,VV Ќ  "3 "  3L2Uh  13  .3  0    Describethepurposeofthe humoralimmune +'/ system.3Ly݌,(0VV Ќ   K.0*2 _"3 "  32Uh  14  .3  0    Statethecellinvolvedinthehumoralimmune  systemincluding:nameofcellinvolvedandname  ofcellwhichproducesprotectivesubstances.3݌VV Ќ  "3"  3 2Uh  15  .3  0    Statetwonamesfortheproteinsproducedby {` plasmacells.3 6݌S8VV Ќ  "3"  3"2Uh  16  .3  0    Statethecellinvolvedincellmediatedimmunity.3"O݌ VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  17  .3  0    Statethetypeofinfectionswhicharepreventedby    humoralandcellularimmuneresponses.3L݌ p VV Ќ  "3"  3X2Uh  18  .3  0    Listthecellsinvolvedinnonspecificimmunity ;  andspecificimmunity.3X݌ VV Ќ  "3"  3~2Uh  19  .3  0    Describetheoriginofimmunecells.3~݌ VV Ќ  "3"  3m2Uh  20  .3  0    Listthecellsinvolvedinnonspecificimmunity sX andspecificimmunity#&.%%I&.#I&.%%&..3m݌K0VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  21  .3  0    Statetheoriginofimmunecells,specifically  wherearetheyproducedandwhattheyarecalled.3݌VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  22  .3  0    Statethe2groupsofcelllinesandthespecific h cellsproducedby committedstemcells.3C݌[@VV Ќ  "3"  3V 2Uh  23  .3  0    Listanddescribethefunctionofthecellsinvolved   innonspecificimmunity.#&.%%I&.r#3V ݌VV Ќ  "3"  3!2Uh  24  .3  0    Definetheterm acutephasereactant.3!!݌xVV Ќ  "3"  3"2Uh  25  .3  0    Listanddescribe7acutephasereactants.3""݌C(VV Ќ  "3"  3#2Uh  26  .3  0    Listanddescribethefunctionofthecellsinvolved ! inspecificimmunity:Blymphocytes,plasma  " cells,andTlymphocytes.3##݌!#VV Ќ  "3"  3%2Uh  27  .3  0    Listthecomponentsinvolvedinspecific S#8% immunity.3%/%݌+$ &VV Ќ  "3"  3&2Uh  28  .3  0    Describethemainfunctionoftheprimary %!( lymphoidorgans:thebonemarrowandthymus3&A&݌&")VV Ќ  "3"  3H'2Uh  29  .3  0    Describethefunctionofthesecondarylymphoid c(H$+ organs:spleenandlymphnodes.3H'u'݌;) %,VV Ќ  "3"  3v(2Uh  30  .3  0    List3examplesofsecondarylymphoidtissueor *&. organs.3v((݌+'/VV Ќ   K.0*2 Ї"3"  3)2Uh  31  .3  0    DefineAntigen3))݌VV Ќ  "3"  3~*2Uh  32  .3  0    Listanddescribethe5factorswhichinfluence {` antigenicity.3~**݌S8VV Ќ  "3 "  3+2Uh  33  .3  0    Describetheterm antigenicdeterminant.3++݌ VV Ќ  "3!"  3,2Uh  34  .3  0    Describeantigenantibodybindinginverysimple    terms.3,,݌ p VV Ќ  "3""  3-2Uh  35  .3  0    Compareandcontrastantibodyproductionasit ;  relatesto:lengthoftimetoproduceantibodyafter   exposuretoantigenandantibodyclassproduced#XX%&.+#&.%XX.3--݌ VV Ќ  "3#"  3u/2Uh  36  .3  0    Illustratecomparingprimaryandsecondary   responsesbydrawingachart.3u//݌sXVV Ќ  "3$"  302Uh  37  .3  0    Describethecellulareventswhichoccurin # antibodyproduction.#XX%&./#&.%XX300݌VV Ќ  "3%"  312Uh  38  .3  0    Describetheimportanceofthecellularimmune  response.#XX%&.1#&.%XX31*2݌hVV Ќ  "3&"  3V32Uh  39  .3  0    Drawabasicantibodymoleculeandbeableto 3 identifythefollowingparts:3V33݌ VV Ќ      Heavychains      Lightchains      Fabportion x     Fcportion kP     Antigenbindingsite C(     Disulfidebridges   h    "3'"  352Uh  40  .3  0    Nameanddescribethefunctionsofthepieces  " formedwhenantibodyistreatedwithpapainand !# pepsin.35%6݌{"`$VV Ќ  "3("  3P72Uh  41  .3  0    Listanddescribethecharacteristicsandfunctions +$ & ofthefiveclassesofantibodies.3P7}7݌% 'VV Ќ  "3)"  382Uh  42  .3  0    Statethetypesofinfectionswhichthecellular &") immuneresponseprovidesprotectionfrom.388݌'p#*VV Ќ  "3*"  392Uh  43  .3  0    DescribethefunctionofthedifferenttypesofT ;) %, cellsinvolvedinthecellularimmuneresponse: *%- helper,suppressorandcytotoxic.399݌*&.VV Ќ  "3+"  36;2Uh  44  .3  0    Describetheendresultofthefunctionof ,(0 lymphokines.36;c;݌s-X)1VV Ќ   K.0*2 C C8 K9 XXd XXd8 C  "3,"  3<2Uh  45  .3  0    Describethegeneticandcellularcontrolsinvolved  inthecellularimmuneresponse.3<<݌]VV Ќ  "3-"  3>2Uh  46  .3  0    Definehypersensitivity3>1>݌ VV Ќ  "3."  3>2Uh  47  .3  0    Describethemechanisminvolvedinthefourtypes 8 ofhypersensitivityandgiveexamplesofeach.3>?݌VV Ќ  "3/"  3&@2Uh  48  .3  0    Listanddescribethreetypesofimmunodeficiency E  andgiveanexampleofeach.3&@S@݌  VV Ќ  "30"  3SA2Uh  49  .3  0    Listanddescribethethreefunctionalaspectsof  H  theimmuneresponse.3SAA݌ VV Ќ  "31"  3xB2Uh  50  .3  0    Compareandcontrastactiveandpassive U  immunityandgiveanexampleofeach.3xBB݌- VV Ќ  "32"  3C2Uh  51  .3  0    Brieflydescribethefunctionofthecomplement  cascade.3CC݌eVV Ќ  "33"  3D2Uh  52  .3  0    Listthecomplementcomponentunitsofthe  recognitionunit,activationunit,andmembrane h attackunit.#XX%&.2#3DD݌@VV Ќ  "34"  3:F2Uh  53  .3  0    Compareandcontrastthe classicand   alternatemethodsofcomplementactivation.3:FgF݌uVV Ќ  "35"  3yG2Uh  54  .3  0    Listtheactivationsequenceofthe M complementcomponentsinboththeclassical 9 andproperdinpathways.3yGG݌%VV Ќ  "36"  3H2Uh  55  .3  0    List2modulatingmechanismsbywhich x! complementactivationiscontrolled.3HI݌ d"VV Ќ  "37"  3I2Uh  56  .3  0    Define sensitizationand latticeformation.3I,J݌%"'VV Ќ  "38"  3K2Uh  57  .3  0    List4factorswhichcanbealteredtoaffect ]'#) antigen/antibodyreactions.3K2K݌I($*VV Ќ  "39"  3-L2Uh  58  .3  0    Listanddescribethethreeclassificationsof !*&, antigen/antibodyreactions:primary,secondary  +'- andtertiaryphenomena.3-LZL݌+t(.VV Ќ   -L*0 "3:"  3M2Uh  59  .3  0    Definethefollowingterms:3MM݌VV Ќ  0  0VVPrecipitationVV 0  0VVAgglutinationVV 0  0VVComplementfixationVV 0  0VVAffinityVV 0  0VVAvidityVV 0  0VVLawofMassAction VV 0  0VVProzone tVV 0  0VVPostzone{ `VV 0  0VVZoneofEquivalence0VVg L VV "3;"  3LQ2Uh  60  .3  0    Statetheaffectthatprozoneandpostzonewill ?$  haveontheresultsofserologicaltestingof +  patientsamples.3LQyQ݌ VV Ќ  "3<"  3R2Uh  61  .3  0    Define turbidityanddescribehowturbidity  duetoantigenantibodyreactionsoccurs.3RR݌VV Ќ  "3="  3S2Uh  62  .3  0    Brieflydescribetheprincipleof p  turbidimetry.3ST݌w\VV Ќ  "3>"  3U2Uh  63  .3  0    Describetheprincipleof nephelometry.3U/U݌O4VV Ќ  "3?"  3U2Uh  64  .3  0    Compareandcontrast endpointversus '   kineticreactions.3U)V݌VV Ќ  "3@"  3$W2Uh  65  .3  0    4XXXXDescribethebasicprincipleof  immunodiffusion.3$WQW݌VV Ќ  "3A"  3RX2Uh  66  .3  0    List4factorswhichaffecttherateofdiffusion !  intheimmunodiffusionprocedure.3RXX݌"l!VV Ќ  "3B"  3Y2Uh  67  .3  0    Listanddescribethe4typesof _$D # immunodiffusionreactions.3YY݌K%0!$VV Ќ  "3C"  3Z2Uh  68  .3  0    DescribetheprincipleoftheOudinsingle #'#& diffusiontechnique.3ZZ݌(#'VV Ќ  "3D"  3[2Uh  69  .3  0    DescribetheprincipleoftheRIDprocedure )%) andincludetypeofdimensionanddiffusion *&* andwhethertheprocedureisqualitativeor +'+ quantitative.3[[݌,(,VV Ќ   .h*. "3E"  3i]2Uh  70  .3  0    Definethefollowingterms:3i]]݌VV Ќ  0  0VVcontrolVV 0  0VVstandardVV 0  0VVstandardcurveVV "3F"  3)_2Uh  71  .3  0    List4technicalerrorswhichmaynegatively  impacttheRIDprocedure.3)_V_݌ VV Ќ  "3G"  3N`2Uh  72  .3  0    GivenastandardcurveforanRIDprocedure { ` andringdiametersoftheprecipitateobtained g L  readthevalueoffthestandardcurve.3N`{`݌S 8 VV Ќ  "3H"  3a2Uh  73  .3  0    DescribetheprincipleoftheOuchterlonygel +  diffusiontechnique.3aa݌ VV Ќ  "3I"  3b2Uh  74  .3  0    Drawandlabelapicturewhichillustratesthe   threereactionpatternsobtainedinan  Ouchterlonygeldiffusion:identity,non  identity,partialidentity.3bc݌VV Ќ  "3J"  3d2Uh  75  .3  0    Describetheprincipleof cH immunoelectrophoresis.3dd݌O4VV Ќ  "3K"  3e2Uh  76  .3  0    Compareandcontrastthefollowing '  immunoelectrophoreticprocedures:3ee݌VV Ќ  0    RocketVV     Immunoelectrophoresis(IEP)  0    Immunofixation(IFE)VV "3L"  3g2Uh  77  .3  0    DescribetheprincipleoftheWesternBlottest   asitappliestotestingforHIVantibodies.3gg݌! VV Ќ  "3M"  3h2Uh  78  .3  0    List4technicalerrorswhichmayoccurwhen s#X" performingimmunoelectrophoretic _$D # techniques.3hh݌K%0!$VV Ќ  "3N"  3j2Uh  79  .3  0    Define agglutination.3j?j݌(#'VV Ќ  "3O"  3j2Uh  80  .3  0    List3particleswhichcanbeusedinan )%) agglutinationtest.3j'k݌*&*VV Ќ  "3P"  3l2Uh  81  .3  0    Describetheprocessofagglutination.3lBl݌,(,VV Ќ   .h*. "3Q"  3m2Uh  82  .3  0    Contrastagglutinationwithprecipitation.3mHm݌VV Ќ  "3R"  3n2Uh  83  .3  0    Describe5physiologicconditionsthatcanbe  alteredtoenhanceagglutinationreactions.3n=n݌VV Ќ  "3S"  3Ho2Uh  84  .3  0    DiscusshowIgMandIgGdifferinabilityto  participateinagglutinationreactions.3Houo݌ VV Ќ  "3T"  3|p2Uh  85  .3  0    List3advantagesinperformingagglutination g L  reactions.3|pp݌S 8 VV Ќ  "3U"  3q2Uh  86  .3  0    Describetheprincipleofeachofthefollowing +  agglutinationreactions,includingthe   appearanceofapositivereaction:direct   agglutination,passiveagglutination,reverse   passiveagglutination,agglutinationinhibition  andcoagglutination.3qq݌VV Ќ  "3V"  3s2Uh  87  .3  0    Definethefollowingtermsastheyapplyto p labeledimmunoassays:3ss݌w\VV Ќ  0    ligandcHVV 0    receptorO4VV 0    standard; VV 0    calibrator' VV 0    precipitationVV 0    solidphaseVV 0    blank0` VV` V` V 0    controlVV 0    competitiveassayVV 0    noncompetitiveassay VV 0    heterogenousassay! VV 0    homogeneousassay"l!VV 0    sandwichorcaptureassays#X"VV   "3W"  3gx2Uh  88  .3  0    Describetheprincipleofthesandwich K%0!$ technique.3gxx݌7&"%VV Ќ  "3X"  3wy2Uh  89  .3  0    List4substanceswhichmaybeusedaslabels (#' inlabeledassays. 3wyy݌($(VV Ќ  "3Y"  3z2Uh  90  .3  0    List4methodswhichcanbeusedtoseparate *&* boundfromunboundanalytesonceareaction +'+ hasoccurredandhowthelabeledanalyteis ,(, detected.3zz݌-|)-VV Ќ   .h*. "3Z"  3K|2Uh  91  .3  0    Explaintheprincipleof competitive  binding.3K|x|݌VV Ќ  "3["  3_}2Uh  92  .3  0    Compareandcontrastaradioimmunoassay  assaywithaimmunoradiometricassay.3_}}݌VV Ќ  "3\"  3~2Uh  93  .3  0    List4advantagesanddisadvantagesof   Radioimmunoassay#XXX4XͫW#4XXXXprocedures.3~~݌ tVV Ќ  "3]"  32Uh  94  .3  0    List4advantagesofenzymeimmunoassay g L  procedures.3݌S 8 VV Ќ  "3^"  32Uh  95  .3  0    List4criteriawhichaidintheselectionofthe +  appropriateenzymetobeusedasalabel.3.݌ VV Ќ  "3_"  3;2Uh  96  .3  0    List3enzymesusedaslabelsandindicate   whichoneisthemostpopular.3;h݌VV Ќ  "3`"  3c2Uh  97  .3  0    Distinguishbetweenheterogenousand  homogeneousenzymeimmunoassay.3c݌VV Ќ  "3a"  32Uh  98  .3  0    Compareandcontrastthefollowing w\ heterogenousenzymeimmunoassays: cH competitiveandnoncompetitiveELISA, O4 immunoenzymometricassay,andsandwich ;  assays.3݌' VV Ќ  "3b"  3<2Uh  99  .3  0    Describetheprincipleofthehomogeneous  enzymeimmunoassay.3<i݌VV Ќ  "3c"  3X2Uh  100  .3  0    List2advantagesanddisadvantagesof  enzymeimmunoassays.3X݌ VV Ќ  "3d"  3s2Uh  101  .3  0    List2termsusedforfluorescentcompounds.3s݌"l!VV Ќ  "3e"  3k2Uh  102  .3  0    Describehowfluorescentcompoundsactina _$D # fluorescenttestprocedureasamarker.3k݌K%0!$VV Ќ  "3f"  32Uh  103  .3  0    List2compoundsusedasfluorescentmarkers #'#& includingthecolorexhibited.3ˊ݌(#'VV Ќ  "3g"  3ɋ2Uh  104  .3  0    Compareandcontrastthedirectandindirect )%) immunofluorescentassays.3ɋ݌*&*VV Ќ  "3h"  32Uh  105  .3  0    Compareandcontrasttheheterogenousand ,(, homogeneousfluorescentimmunoassays.3݌-|)-VV Ќ   .h*. "3i"  322Uh  106  .3  0    Describethefluorescencepolarization  immunoassay.32_݌VV Ќ  "3j"  3E2Uh  107  .3  0    List2advantagesanddisadvantagesof  fluorescenttechniques.3Er݌VV Ќ  "3k"  3c2Uh  108  .3  0    Define chemiluminescence.3c݌ VV Ќ  "3l"  3P2Uh  109  .3  0    List2substanceswhichmaybeusedin { ` chemiluminescentimmunoassays.3P}݌g L VV Ќ  "3m"  3u2Uh  110  .3  0    Statetheprincipleofthechemiluminescent ?$  immunoassay.3u݌+ VV Ќ  "3n"  32Uh  111  .3  0    List2advantagesand2disadvantagesof   chemiluminescentassays.#XXX4X́#3݌ VV Ќ  "3o"  3Ӕ2Uh  112  .3  0    AXRXXXDefine:3Ӕ݌VV Ќ      _autoantibodies_ p     autoimmuneresponse w\     autoimmunedisease#XXXAXR[# cH AXRXXX"3p"  32Uh  113  .3  0    #XXXAXR–#Describethefollowingmechanismsof ;  autoimmunedisease:3݌' VV Ќ  0  ForbiddenCloneTheoryVV   AlteredAntigenTheory0  VV   SequesteredAntigenTheory    ImmunologicDeficiencyTheory  "3q"  3#2Uh  114  .3  0    List3factorswhichmaycontributeto   autoimmunity.3#P݌! VV Ќ  "3r"  372Uh  115  .3  0    Distinguishorganspecificandsystemic s#X" autoimmunediseases,givinganexampleof _$D # each.37d݌K%0!$VV Ќ  "3s"  32Uh  116  .3  0    Describetheeffectsofsystemiclupus #'#& erythematosus(_SLE_)onthebody.3݌(#'VV Ќ  "3t"  3ɜ2Uh  117  .3  0    Describetheimmunologicmechanismsknown )%) for_SLE_.3ɜ݌*&*VV Ќ  "3u"  32Uh  118  .3  0    Statetheprincipleoftheantinuclearantibody ,(, test(ANA)anddescribethe4patternsseenin -|)- thetest.3(݌.h*.VV Ќ  "3v"  3W2Uh  119  .3  0    Differentiatethescreeningtestsfrom  antibodyspecifictestsfor_SLE_.3W݌VV Ќ  "3w"  32Uh  120  .3  0    Discussthekeysymptomsofrheumatoid  arthritis(RA).3ˠ݌VV Ќ  "3x"  32Uh  121  .3  0    Describecharacteristicsofthekeyantibody   foundinRA.3݌ tVV Ќ  "3y"  3͢2Uh  122  .3  0    Discussscreeningtestsforrheumatoidfactor g L  (RF),explainingthelimitationsofcurrent S 8  testingprocedures.3͢݌?$ VV Ќ  "3z"  3.2Uh  123  .3  0    DifferentiateHashimotos_thyroiditis_Ԁand   Gravesdiseaseonthebasisofclinicalsigns,   laboratoryfindingsandimmunemechanisms.3.[݌ VV Ќ  "3{"  3̥2Uh  124  .3  0    Explaintheimmunologicmechanismsknown  tocausedestructionofcellsinthepancreas.3̥݌VV Ќ  "3|"  32Uh  125  .3  0    Discusstheimmunologicmechanismsofthe O4 followingdiseases:multiplesclerosis, ;  myastheniagravis,_Goodpasture_ssyndrome; '  _Sjogren_ssyndromeandScleroderma.33݌VV Ќ  "3}"  32Uh  126  .3  0    Define monoclonal_gammopathy_asitrelates   toabnormalBcellproliferation.3%݌! VV Ќ  "3~"  3L2Uh  127  .3  0    DifferentiatebetweenMultipleMyelomaand s#X" _Waldenstrom_s_Macroglobulinemia_Ԁsofaras _$D # abnormalsubstanceproduced,clinicalsigns K%0!$ andtestsusedtodiagnose.3Ly݌7&"%VV Ќ  "3"  362Uh  128  .3  0    Describethemorphologicalcharacteristicsof *&* spirochetes.36c݌+'+VV Ќ  "3"  3P2Uh  129  .3  0    DescribethediseaseaffectsthatSpirochete -|)- diseaseshaveincommon.3P}݌.h*.VV Ќ  "3"  3v2Uh  130  .3  0    Describetheprevalenceofsyphilisin  comparisonwithotherspirochetediseases.3v݌VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  131  .3  0    StatethegenusandspeciesofSpirochete  whichcausessyphilis.3ԯ݌ VV Ќ  "3"  3ǰ2Uh  132  .3  0    List4otherpathogenic_Treponemes_Ԁstating { ` thetransmissionandthediseasetheycause.3ǰ݌g L VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  133  .3  0    State4modesoftransmissionofspirochete ?$  whichcausesSyphilis.3K݌+ VV Ќ  "3"  3@2Uh  134  .3  0    Discussthedifferentstagesofsyphilis,   includinglengthofeachstageand   signs/symptomswhichmaybepresent.3@m݌VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  135  .3  0    Discussthesignsandsymptomsassociated  withcongenitalsyphilis.3Ҵ݌VV Ќ  "3"  3ȵ2Uh  136  .3  0    Listthreekeyelementsinvolvedindiagnosing w\ Syphilis.3ȵ݌cHVV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  137  .3  0    Definereagin.3 ݌; VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  138  .3  0    Distinguishtreponemaltestsfrom  _nontreponemal_Ԁ(reagin).3݌VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  139  .3  0    Describetheprincipleofthefollowingtests  forsyphilis:VenerealDiseaseResearch  Laboratory(_VDRL_),rapidplasmareagin   (_RPR_),TreponemaPallidumImmobilization !  test(_TPI_),FluorescentTreponemalAntibody "l! AbsorptionTest(_FTA_ABS_)andELISA.3&݌s#X"VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  140  .3  0    Define BiologicFalsePositiveasitrelates K%0!$ toscreeningtestsforSyphilis.3һ݌7&"%VV Ќ  "3"  3ڼ2Uh  141  .3  0    Statethreecausesof_BFP_Ԁandfalsenegative (#' reactionsinreagintestresults.3ڼ݌($(VV Ќ  "3"  3(2Uh  142  .3  0    Discusslimitationsofcerebrospinalfluid *&* (CSF)testingandtestingforcongenital +'+ syphilis.3(U݌,(,VV Ќ   .h*. _[  X   "3"  3Կ2Uh  143  .3  0    StatethegenusandspeciesofSpirochete q whichcausesLymesdisease.3Կ݌]VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  144  .3  0    Statethegenusandspeciesoftickwhichis 5 thevectorinvolvedinthisdiseaseaswellas ! animalswhicharenaturalreservoirsofthe   organism.3*݌ tVV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  145  .3  0    Describetheearlyandlatemanifestationsof  L  Lymesdisease.3݌ 8 VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  146  .3  0    Relatevariousaspectsoftheimmuneresponse   toLymesdiseasetodiseasestages.3݌ VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  147  .3  0    Compareimmunofluorescenceassay(_IFA_), Y  EIA,and_immunoblot_ԀtestingforLymes E diseaseastosensitivityandeaseof 1 performance.3݌VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  148  .3  0    Discusscausesoffalsepositiveandnegative p resultsinserologictestingforLymesdisease.3݌\VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  149  .3  0    Describethemorphologiccharacteristicsof i Streptococci.3)݌UVV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  150  .3  0    DescribehowStreptococciaredividedinto - groupings.3B݌ VV Ќ  "3"  3*2Uh  151  .3  0    Statethegenusandspeciesofthe !l! Streptococcalorganismwhichfrequently "X" causesdiseaseinhumans.3*W݌#D #VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  152  .3  0    List5exoantigenswhichareproducedand %"% excretedbyStreptococci.3݌&#&VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  153  .3  0    Distinguishsuppurativefrom_nonsuppurative_ e($( complicationsofstreptococcalinfectionsand Q)%) give2examplesofeach.3݌=*&*VV Ќ  "3"  3+2Uh  154  .3  0    ListthetwomajorsitesofinfectionforGroup ,(, AStrep.3+X݌-|)-VV Ќ   -h*. "3"  3W2Uh  155  .3  0    Describetheimmunologicmechanismthatis  thoughttobethecauseofRheumaticFever.3W݌qVV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  156  .3  0    Describetheimmunologicmechanismthatis I thoughttocausethepathogenesiswhich 5 occursinglomerulonephritis.3݌!VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  157  .3  0    Statethemostreliabletestfordiagnosinga  t Streptococcalinfection.3݌ `VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  158  .3  0    Statetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthe  8  rapidtestsusedforscreeningpurposesfor  $  Streptococcalinfections.3D݌ VV Ќ  "3"  3~2Uh  159  .3  0    ݀Discussreasonsforperformingantibody m  ratherthanantigentestingforsequelaeof Y  streptococcalinfections.3~݌EVV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  160  .3  0    DescribethecharacteristicsofstreptolysinO  (_SLO_)andstreptolysin(S).3 ݌ VV Ќ  "3"  3*2Uh  161  .3  0    Statetheprincipleofthe_antistreptolysin_ԀO \ (_ASO_)titerincludingthepurposeoftubes13, H 14andtheStandard.3*W݌4VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  162  .3  0    Listcausesforfalsenegativeresultsinan   _ASO_Ԁtiter.3݌}VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  163  .3  0    StatetheprincipleoftheStreptozymetest.33݌UVV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  164  .3  0    ComparethesensitivityoftheStreptozyme - testtoothertestsforstreptococcalantibodies.3+݌ VV Ќ  "3"  3<2Uh  165  .3  0    Differentiatebetweenthedifferenthepatitis #D # virusesandtheirmodesoftransmission.3<i݌$0!$VV Ќ  "3"  3r2Uh  166  .3  0    Correlatethevariousserologicmarkersof &#& hepatitiswiththeirdiagnosticsignificance.3r݌y'#'VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  167  .3  0    Indicatethelaboratorymethodsthataremost Q)%) _commony_Ԁusedtoscreenfororconfirm =*&* hepatitisvirusinfections.3݌)+'+VV Ќ   -h*. Ї"3"  3D2Uh  168  .3  0    AssociatetheEpsteinBarrvirus(_EBV_)with  thespecificdiseasesitcauses.3Dq݌qVV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  169  .3  0    Definethefollowingterms:_heterophile_ I antigen,_heterophile_Ԁantibody,_Forssman_ 5 antigenand_Forssman_Ԁantibody.3݌!VV Ќ  "3"  3r2Uh  170  .3  0    Describethetransmission,signsand  t symptomsassociatedwithinfectious  ` mononucleosis.3r݌ L VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  171  .3  0    Describethecellknownasthe Downeycell.3݌ $ VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  172  .3  0    StatetheprincipleoftheDavidson   Differentialtestforinfectiousmononucleosis.3݌m VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  173  .3  0    ProperlyinterprettheresultsofaDavidson E Differentialtest.3݌1VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  174  .3  0    Statetheprincipleoftheslidetestfor   infectiousmononucleosisincludingthe p speciesofredbloodcellused.3;݌\VV Ќ  "3"  3r2Uh  175  .3  0    Listthe_EBV_Ԁantigensandthetimingof 4 appearanceofantigensasmarkersforthe   disease.3r݌ VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  176  .3  0    Discusstheclinicalsignificanceof i _cytomegalovirus_Ԁ(_CMV_).3 ݌UVV Ќ  "3"  3;2Uh  177  .3  0    Compareandcontrastthetransmission,signs - andsymptomsofherpessimplexvirus1   (HSV1)and2(HSV2).3;h݌! VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  178  .3  0    Listthediseasesassociatedwithvaricella "X" zostervirus,rubellavirus,rubeolavirus,and #D # mumpsvirus.3݌$0!$VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  179  .3  0    CorrelateviralIgMandIgGantibodieswith &#& theirclinicalsignificanceintermsofdetecting y'#' currentinfections,congenitalinfections,or e($( immunitytoinfection.3 ݌Q)%)VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  180  .3  0    Statethemostcommonserologymethodused )+'+ todetectantibodiestotheseviruses.3݌,(,VV Ќ  _ -h*. Ї"3"  32Uh  181  .3  0    DescribethemakeupoftheHIVparticle.3$݌IVV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  182  .3  0    Differentiatethethreemainstructuralgenesof ! HIVandtheirproducts.3݌ VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  183  .3  0    DescribereplicationoftheHIVvirus.3@݌ `VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  184  .3  0    Explainconditionsunderwhichtransmission  8  ofHIVcanoccur.32݌ $ VV Ќ  "3"  3"2Uh  185  .3  0    DescribetheeffectsofHIVontheimmune   system.3"O݌m VV Ќ  "3"  332Uh  186  .3  0    DescribethethreestagesofHIVinfection E includingCD4counts.33`݌1VV Ќ  "3"  3S2Uh  187  .3  0    DescribetheimmuneresponsetoHIV   infectionincludingtheantibodiesproducedin p responsetospecificHIVantigens.3S݌\VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  188  .3  0    Describe_retroviral_Ԁtreatmentsandtheimpact 4 theyhavehadonHIVinfection.3݌ VV Ќ  "3"  3 2Uh  189  .3  0    StatethereasonthatELISAtestsforHIV } continuetobethescreeningtestofchoice.3 6݌iVV Ќ  "3"  3?2Uh  190  .3  0    DescribetheWesternblottest.3?l݌AVV Ќ  "3"  3*2Uh  191  .3  0    Statethenumberofbandswhichmustbe   positiveandrequiredtobepresentinorderfor !  aWesternblottesttobeinterpretedas !l! positive.3*W݌"X"VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  192  .3  0    Define indeterminateresultasitrelatesto $0!$ theWesternblottestforHIV.3݌%"%VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  193  .3  0    ListthreecausesofanindeterminateWestern y'#' blottest.3݌e($(VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  194  .3  0    Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesof =*&* thep24antigentest.35݌)+'+VV Ќ  "3"  3)2Uh  195  .3  0    Describethepolymerasechainreaction(PCR) -|)- testforHIV.3)V݌-h*.VV Ќ  "3"  3B2Uh  196  .3  0    Listtheclinicalsampleswhichmaybe  submittedforHIVviralgrowthandisolation.3Bo݌qVV Ќ  "3"  3v2Uh  197  .3  0    DiscusstheclinicalutilityofHIVviralload I testing.3v݌5VV Ќ  "3"  32Uh  198  .3  0    Statethedifficultyencounteredwhentesting   neonatesforHIV_infection._3݌ tVV Ќ  &.%XX m  ! ! 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