COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course will acquaint the student with the basic facts of United States History from 1492 to 1877 using a textbook, classroom lecture and discussion, and outside readings. See http://www.austincc.edu/history.

COURSE RATIONALE: See http://www.austincc.edu/history.

COURSE FORMAT: The material in this course will be presented in a lecture/discussion format.

TEXTBOOK: Robert Divine et al, America: Past and Present Volume I, Tenth

Edition

COURSE REQUIREMENTS: The material in America: Past & Present is to be read and studied according to the attached class schedule.

Grade of “F” – Student completes all four unit exams and two take home essay assignments with an overall average of 59 or below OR commits any act of scholastic dishonesty.

Grades: A student’s grade will be determined by the following:

Test 1 - 100 points (25) percent of the grade)

Test 2 - 100 points (25) percent of the grade) (Includes take home essay)

Test 3 - 100 points (25) percent of the grade)

Test 4 - 100 points (25 percent of the grade) (Includes take home essay)

Total available points - 400 points

NO STUDENT MAY EARN MORE THAN A C IN THE CLASS WITHOUT COMPLETING BOTH TAKE HOME ESSAYS.  

UNIT EXAMS:

§ There are four closed book, closed notes unit exams including the final. The NRG Testing Center rules apply when taking tests in the classroom.

§ The first three unit exams may be taken twice if a student fails to earn at least a grade of 70 and the student takes the test for the first time on the day of the test in class. A STUDENT MAY NOT RETEST THE FOURTH OR FINAL TEST OF THE CLASS.

§ Students who receive less than 70 on a test have one week from the date that the tests are handed back in class to retest at the NRG Testing Center.

THE HIGHEST GRADE POSSIBLE ON THE RETEST IS 70 and this includes points for the take home essay.  If a student receives a lower grade on the retest than the first test, the student will receive the higher of the two grades for that unit exam.

·        Upon approval by the Professor, a student may take a test early at the testing center for full credit. 

§       If a student misses the unit exam in class the student will be allowed to take the exam at the NRG testing center without grade restrictions ONLY if the student provides a medical excuse certified by a physician for the date missed by the student. If the student cannot provide a medical excuse, the highest grade the student can receive is a 70 and the make-up test must be taken within one week from date of the missed test.

§ Students taking unexcused make-up tests will not be allowed retests.

§ Retest and make-up exams may contain different questions than the original exam.

• For Testing Center rules, consult http://www.austincc.edu/testctr or NRG Campus, Building 3000, second floor.

• The unit exams may consist of multiple-choice, true or false, identification of terms, questions and short essays covering the textbook material and classroom lectures as highlighted by the learning objectives included in this syllabus and by STUDY GUIDES for each chapter provided at my web page, http://www.austincc.edu/lgivens. A take-home essay is part of two of the tests.

ANALYTICAL ESSAYS:

• The student will complete two analytical take-home essays during the course which will be counted as part of test 2 and test 4.   Historical essays will be provided to the student prior to the test. The student will respond to the essay in writing following instructions provided below. Student essays are due at the time of the test as indicated on the course schedule. The essays are worth 20 points on the test grade. Five points will be deducted for late essays.

• Essays will be typed, double spaced with one inch margins. Each essay assignment will be approximately 500-700 words.
• Essays must be written in student’s own words.
• Essays will consist of three (3) separate parts:

1. A summary of the reading material.

2. The author’s thesis.  Explain and discuss how the author supports the thesis or how the author fails to support the thesis.

3. The student’s reaction to the author’s thesis. Do you agree or disagree with the thesis. How does the author’s thesis relate to today’s world.

• Essays will be graded on analytical content, historical accuracy and overall use of the English language and grammar.

COURSE POLICIES:

§ ATTENDANCE. PUNCTUAL AND REGULAR ATTENDANCE IS REQUIRED. A student is allowed two (2) absences during the semester.  After two absences a student’s grade for the course will be lowered by a full grade for every absence. Tardiness to class or leaving before dismissal is an unexcused absence. Students are tardy if they arrive after class starts.  Students will be excused from class only if they provide a medical excuse certified by a physician for the date(s) missed. Attendance may be taken into consideration when determining final grades.

§ WITHDRAWAL. IT IS THE STUDENT’S RESPONSIBILITY TO OFFICIALLY WITHDRAW FROM THE CLASS. If the student does not officially withdraw from the class, the student will receive a grade at the end of the semester. Failure to officially redraw may result in a failing grade in the course. The Professor reserves the right to withdraw a student from class for any violation of policies outlined in this syllabus.

§ INCOMPLETES. In order to receive an incomplete or “I” for the class, the student must have completed a minimum of 90% of the course work AND provide a medical excuse certified by a physician. All “Incompletes” must be completed within the first four weeks of the following semester. There are no exceptions to this policy.

§ RECORDING LECTURES. The student will not record lectures or comments made in the classroom by the professor or other students.

§ SCHOLASTIC DISHONESTY. Acts prohibited by the college for which discipline may be administered include scholastic dishonesty, including but not limited to cheating on an exam or quiz, plagiarizing, and unauthorized collaboration with another in preparing outside work. Academic work submitted by students shall be the result of their thought, research or self-expression. Academic work is defined as, but not limited to tests, quizzes, whether taken electronically or on paper; projects, either individual or group; classroom presentations, and homework. A student who commits any act of scholastic dishonesty will be, as a minimum, dismissed from the class for the semester and will receive the grade of “F” for the course.

§ STUDENT DISCIPLINE. Violation of any of the following rules may result in the lose of ten (10) points from the student’s final grade or being dropped from the class by the Professor.

§       No talking in a disruptive manner or actions that disrupt the class.

§       No sleeping.

§       No using laptops for anything but class notes.

§      No use of socially unacceptable language in class.

§ No cell phones on the desks or in hands during class.  All cell phones must be turned off during class.

STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES:

Each ACC campus offers support services for students with documented physical or psychological disabilities. Students with disabilities must request reasonable accommodations through the Office of Students with Disabilities on campus where they expect to take the majority of their classes. Students are encouraged to do this three weeks before the start of the semester.

ACADEMIC FREEDOM:

Each student is strongly encouraged to participate in class. In any classroom situation that includes discussion and critical thinking, there are bound to be many differing viewpoints. These differences enhance the learning experience and create an atmosphere where students and instructors alike will be encouraged to think and learn. On sensitive and volatile topics students may sometimes disagree not only with each other but also with the instructor. It is expected that faculty and students will respect the views of others when expressed in classroom discussions.

STUDENT PRIVACY: The federal government requires that student privacy be preserved. Thus the posting of grades, even by the last four digits of the social security number, is forbidden. All communication will remain between the instructor and the student, and the instructor will not be able to share details of the student’s performance with parents, spouses, etc.

                                     CLASS SCHEDULE HISTORY I - 1301

                                                   SPRING  2016

Variance in above schedule is at the discretion of the Professor.

COMMON COURSE OBJECTIVES: Please consult http://www.austincc.edu/history

SPECIFIC COURSE OBJECTIVES:

CHAPTER 1

1. Explain how ice age hunters crossed the Bering Straits and discuss the significance of global warming in the settlement of North and South America.

2.  Discuss the impact of the agricultural revolution upon the culture of Native Americans in North and South America

3.  Discuss the origins and life styles of the first settlers of North America. 

4.  Review the various Native American cultures present in North and South America upon the arrival of the Europeans and their relationship concerning trade.

5.  Describe the first European settlers in North America.

6 . Discuss the impact of European diseases on the Native Americans.

7. Describe the most important historical developments that prepared the Europeans for New World exploration.

8. Discuss the history of the slave trade during this period including the cultures and political systems in Africa and where most slaves were taken.

9.  List what the Portuguese were searching for in West Africa.

10. Explain Christopher Columbus' motivation and accomplishments.

11.  Describe the participants and results of the Treaty of Tordesillas.

12.  Explain the Protestant Reformation and its impact upon England's settlement in the New World.    

13 Discuss the three major European players in the early settlement of the New World.

14. Describe the economic, political, social, and religious factors of the Spanish colonial system.

15. Discuss the motives, elements, and problems of the French colonial empire in North America.

16. Discuss the English colonization in the New World during the late sixteenth century and explain how the Protestant Reformation influenced colonization.

17.  Match European countries with their colonies.

18. Show the similarity between the British treatment of the Irish in the latter part of the sixteenth century and treatment of Native Americans during the Colonial Era.

19. Discuss the Roanoke experiments in the late 16th century.   

20.  Explain the major religious beliefs in 16th century in England. 

CHAPTER 2

1.  Explain the concept of the joint-stock company and explain why it was used to establish Jamestown.

2.Explain the factors that caused Englishmen to immigrate in the 16th and 17th centuries.

3. Discuss the settlement of Jamestown and the role of John Smith. 

4. Explain why the first three years of Jamestown were known for terrible hardship and suffering.

5. Discuss the importance of tobacco plantations in the social, economic, and political life of the colony of Virginia.

6. Describe the early labor force in the colony of Virginia including indentured servants and the headright system.

7. Explain how the government of Virginia changed in 1624.    

8. Discuss the significance of the 1620 Mayflower Compact and the settlement of Plymouth.

9. Discuss the “Great Migration” and the Puritan experience of building “a City on a Hill" in the New World.

10. Discuss the problems of dissent in the Massachusetts Bay Colonies.

11. Discuss the settlement of Maryland, including its role for Catholics.

12.  Describe the foundation and society of Rhode Island.

13. Discuss the Anglo-Dutch rivalry on the Hudson and the settling of New York by the  Dutch and how it was taken by force by the British.

14. Discuss the conditions of Quakers in England in the 17th century.   

15. Describe the type of society William Penn tried to create in his “Holy Experiment" in Pennsylvania. 

16. Describe the settlement of the Carolinas and the Barbadian connection. 

17. Describe the foundation and society of the settlement in Georgia. 

CHAPTER 3

1. Explain the reasons for the growth and social stability of the New England colonies.

2. Explain how conditions in the northern colonies eroded European concepts of social rank and fostered social mobility.

3. Account for the similarities and differences in development between the New England and Chesapeake colonies.

4. Discuss the reasons for the growth of slavery and the slave trade in the English colonies of North America.

5. Discuss the different conditions for slaves in the American colonies and the factors that contributed to a distinctive African American culture.

6.  Explain British commercial policy toward the American colonies prior to 1660.

7.  Discuss the meaning and consequences of mercantilism in relationship to colonialism. 

  8.  List the requirements of the Navigation Act of 1660.

9.  Explain the intent of the Navigation Act of 1663.

10.  List the enforcement mechanisms of the Navigation Act of 1696.  

11. Explain the historical significance of colonial uprisings in the seventeenth century.

12. Discuss the causes of the Salem witchcraft hysteria in the 1690s and how historians are not sure about the real cause.

13. Discuss the distribution of African slaves taken to the Americas.

14. Discuss the main supplier of slaves to the English colonies.

CHAPTER 4

1. Explain the reasons behind the phenomenal population growth of the colonies between 1700 and 1770.

2. Discuss reasons for colonial economic expansion and patterns of settlement.

3.  List the largest group of white, non-English immigrants to the colonies.

4. Explain the differences between the Scotch-Irish and German settlement.

5. Define the “Middle Ground” as it relates to Native Americans during this period.

6.Explain the nature of and problems relating to the Spanish North American Empire and list the Spanish lands.

7. Define the Great Awakening and explain its influence upon the colonies.

8.  List the leaders of the Great Awakening and define the difference between "Old Lights" and "New Lights".

9. Explain the Enlightenment and Benjamin Franklin's contributions.

10. Explain the main appeal of the Enlightenment for most Americans.

10.  Explain the balance of trade between Great Britain and the American colonies.      

11.. Explain the rise of the colonial assemblies and the governing problems they faced.

12. Discuss the responsibilities of royal governors in colonial America. 

13.  Explain what colonists didn't like about the 18th century English Constitution.

14.  Explain the major source of Anglo-French conflict in the colonies.

15. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the British American colonists and the French in the wars for control of the North American continent.

16. Discuss Pitt’s (British) overall plan and strategy for victory in the Seven Years’ War.

17.  Evaluate the beginnings and results of the Seven Year's War for Britain and the colonies.

18. Discuss the consequences of the Seven Years’ War for the colonies and Great Britain.

19. Discuss the English attitude toward the colonies after the French and Indian War.

20.  Discuss factors that united the colonies during this period.   

CHAPTER 5

1.  Name the most significant consequence of the Seven Years' War.    

2.  Define the term “Parliamentary Sovereignty” and explain why it was a central issue leading up to the American Revolution. 

3.  Explain the term  “No Taxation Without Representation.”

4.  Explain the conflict between George III and Parliament concerning the American colonies.

5.  Discuss the role of John Locke concerning the political philosophy in the colonies.

6. Discuss the importance of the Proclamation of 1763. 

7. Discuss and compare the Sugar Act with the Stamp Act upon the colonies.

8. Discuss the popular mass movement called the Sons of Liberty, that formed in resistance to the Stamp Act and the significance of boycotts.

9.  Explain the purpose of the Declaratory Act.    

10.  Discuss the Townshend duties from their origins through the American resistance to their repeal.

11.  Explain why Samuel Adams' was called a "true revolutionary".   

12. Trace the growing conflict between the colonists and Great Britain from the Tea Act through the fighting at Lexington and Concord.

13.  Discuss the Boston Massacre and Great Britain's reaction by passing the Coercive Acts.

14.  Explain the purpose of the First Continental Congress in September 1774.     

15. Explain the first responsibility of the Second Continental Congress and their accomplishments.  

16.  Name the two important parts of the Declaration of Independence and the author.

17. Name who wrote  "Common Sense" and explain its role leading up to the American Revolution. 

18. Compare and contrast the military assets and liabilities of both the British and American forces in the Revolutionary War.

19. Describe the British military strategy in 1776.

20. Describe both the British and American victories in New York and New Jersey through the winter of 1776-1777.

21. Explain what happened at Saratoga and its significance for the American Revolution.   

22. Trace the American diplomacy leading to the treaties with the French in February 1778.

23. Analyze the British southern strategy from their victory at Charleston to Cornwallis’ defeat at Yorktown.

24. Define who were the American Loyalists and explain why they were the greatest losers in the American Revolution.

25. List the results of the Treaty of Paris of 1783.

26.  List the tasks facing the new nation after they won the revolution.

CHAPTER 6

1.  Describe the conflict among American republicans of the 1780s over the relative importance of liberty as opposed to order.

2.  Discuss the types and extent of the social and political changes brought by the American Revolution.

3.  Describe the post-revolutionary positions on slavery of both the North and the South.

4.  Describe the major sources and principles of the earliest American state constitutions.

5.  Explain the purpose and structure of the Articles of Confederation.

6.  List the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. 

7.  Explain the most important accomplishment of Congress under the Articles of Confederation. 

8.   Identify the major problems of western settlement and evaluate the Articles of Confederation in solving these problems. 

9.  Identify the major domestic and foreign-policy problems under the Articles of Confederation. 

10.  Trace the development of the movement for a new constitution from the Annapolis convention through Shay’s Rebellion to the Philadelphia convention of 1787.

11.  Discuss the Newburgh Conspiracy and the role of George Washington.

12.  Discuss the intellectual guidance provided by James Madison at the Constitutional Convention to form a new government.

13.  Explain the first rule made by the delegates to the Constitutional Convention.    

14. Discuss Jay’s Treaty with Spain and explain why it was so unpopular with the people of the West and South.

15. Identify the major differences between the Virginia and New Jersey Plans.   

16. Describe the conflicts over slavery and the compromise by the delegates to the Philadelphia convention.

17.  Explain the three-fifths rule. 

18  Explain how slavery was the most obvious contradiction to the principles of the new America.  

19. Explain the disagreements between the Federalists and the Antifederalists.

20.  Identify the authors of the Federalist Papers and explain their purpose in writing the Papers. 

21. Explain the three Alien Acts and how they created a crisis over civil liberties.

22. Describe and explain the major contribution of the Antifederalists to the Constitution.

23. Name the major rights included under the Bill of Rights.

CHAPTER 7

1. Discuss why finances were the main issue of George Washington’s first term and foreign affairs the main issue during his second term. 

2.  Explain why George Washington was seen as a symbol of the new Country.

3.  Explain why Washington's election to the presidency was different from that of every president since.

4. Discuss the background and political beliefs of Alexander Hamilton.

5. Discuss the background and political beliefs of Thomas Jefferson.  

6. Discuss Hamilton’s plans for providing prosperity to the new country including the issues of funding and assumption, the National Bank, and the Report on Manufactures.

7  Name the opponents of the National Bank.

8. Name the policy under which  Explain how Alexander Hamilton convinced Congress to accept the National Bank.

9. Explain how foreign affairs acted as a catalyst in the development of American political parties.

10.  Explain the beliefs of the Democratic-Republican Party in 1791.

11. Explain the basic beliefs of the Federalist Party in 1791. 

12. Discuss pushing the Native Americans aside and the significance of the battle of Fallen Timbers.

13. Explain the Whiskey Rebellion and its effect upon national politics.

14. Explain the importance of Washington's Farewell Address.

15. Explain how Adam's presidency was made more difficult by Alexander Hamilton.

16.  Explain why Americans wanted to remain neutral when war broke out in Europe.

17. Describe the XYZ Affair and how it led to the quasi war with France. 

18. Explain the intent and result of the Alien and Sedition Acts and why they prompted the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions.

19. Summarize the accomplishments of the Federalists while they were in power.

20. Explain the factors which contributed to the downfall and demise of the Federalist party.

21. Explain the description of the election of 1800 as a “peaceful revolution.”

CHAPTER 8

1. Explain why Americans were optimistic under Jeffersonian Republicanism.

2.  Explain what American prosperity in the 1800s was based on.

3. Discuss the main function of American cities during the Jeffersonian era.

4. Describe the basic beliefs of the Democratic-Republican Party in 1801.

5. List the goals of Jefferson's first term as president and evaluate his success in accomplishing them.

6. Explain the circumstances and consequences of the Louisiana Purchase.

7. Explain the difficulty Jefferson faced in purchasing the Louisiana Territory. 

8. Explain the significance of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

9. Discuss the conflict with the Barbary States.

10 Discuss Jefferson's view on the issue of slavery.

11. Describe the background, results, and significance of the Marbury v. Madison decision (1803) and how this case influences legislation today.

12.Describe the Democratic-Republican Party's attack on the Federal judges. 

13. Discuss the strange career of Aaron Burr and the significance of Marshall’s narrow constitutional definition of treason in Burr’s trial.

14.Discuss the 1807 American efforts to end the slave trade and explain why the law was unsatisfying for everyone.

15.Discuss the major legislation impacting the U.S. economy during the British-French war.

16. Describe Jefferson's reaction to the British-French war.

17.  Explain why the U.S. Embargo Act of 1807 was ineffective. 

18.  Explain why many New Englanders opposed war with Great Britain.

19. Describe Madison's reaction to the British-French war.     

20. Analyze the causes, conduct, and outcome of the War of 1812.

21.  Discuss the Battle of New Orleans and explain why Andrew Jackson became famous after this battle.

22. Name the Indian chief defeated by William Henry Harrison at Tippecanoe

23. Discuss in general terms the military campaigns (Canada, Chesapeake and New Orleans) of the War of 1812. 

24. Discuss the goals of the Hartford Convention and the demise of the Federalist party during this era.

25.  Explain the results of the Treaty of Ghent in 1814. 

CHAPTER 9

1. Analyze the factors that contributed to the rise of nationalism after the War of 1812.

2. Describe how the U.S. acquired Florida under the Adams-Onis Treaty.

3. Describe the process by which western lands were organized and sold.

4. Name the components of the revolution in transportation in the early 19th century.

5.   Explain how the national transportation network contributed to a market economy.

6.  Name the inventor of the steamboat and its significance to the transportation revolution.

7.  Explain why the Erie Canal was called the most spectacular engineering achievement in this period. 

8 . List and explain the reasons why the South became the world’s greatest cotton producer.

9 . Describe how new economic activities brought forth by the early factory system.

10. Name the components of the commercial agricultural revolution. 

11 .Discuss the Federalist’s policies of a national bank, protective tariff and internal improvements.

12. Develop the main issues of sectional disturbance that accompanied the Missouri Compromise.

13.  Analyze the role played in economic and political matters by the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Marshall.

14.  Name the President associated with the "Era of Good Feeling.

15.  Explain the perceived international conditions which led to the Monroe Doctrine as well as the specific intent of this statement.

16.  Explain the “Era of Good Feeling” and name the President connected with this era .

17.  Explain the Monroe Doctrine and how it was accepted by foreign countries.

18.  Explain the parts of the Missouri Compromise and its significance.      

CHAPTER 10

1. Explain factors that contributed to the rise of democracy in the 1820s and 1830s.

2.  Explain the results of the decline of deference in political terms.

3.  Name the presidential candidates in 1824. 

4.  Explain the elements of the "Corrupt Bargain" of the 1824.

5   Describe the reasons John Quincy Adams had problems as president. 

6.   Describe how the diffusion of political power among the masses encouraged reform initiative, and professional trends.

7. Evaluate the main political and economic issues brought forth in the 1824 and 1828 elections and explain the outcomes of those presidential elections.

8. Determine the political characteristics and personality traits that contributed to Jackson’s image as a symbol of the triumph of democracy in the 1820s-40s.

9.  Explain Jackson's "kitchen cabinet."

9. Summarize the problems encountered under Jackson’s Indian-removal policy and the trail of tears.

10 Explain how the nullification crisis of the 1830s was an early indication of dangerous future divisions.

11. Explain Jackson's response to the nullification issue.

12. Explain why South Carolina seized the tariff issue to mount its support for states’ rights.

13.  Name the president of the Second National Bank

14. Summarize the arguments used by the Jacksonians in their attack against the Bank of the United States.

15.  Describe the events of the Bank War of 1832. 

16. Evaluate the causes for the Depression of 1837 and the steps taken by Van Buren to straighten out the financial disorder.

17. Compare and contrast the ideologies and objectives of the Whigs and Democrats and identify the socioeconomic groups from which they drew their support.

18.  Evaluate Jackson’s strategy in “killing the Bank” and his use of state banks as depositories.

19. Explain the reasons for political realignment in the 1830s and the emergence of the Whigs.

20.  Explain why Martin Van Buren's administration  failed.

21.  Explain the presidential campaign of 1840. 

CHAPTER 11

1. Compare and contrast the role of slavery in the Chesapeake with the Deep South.

2. Analyze the effects of short-staple cotton and the cotton gin on the South.

3. Explain the arguments and issues surrounding the profitability and efficiency of slavery

4. Name the major American slave revolts. 

5.  Describe the daily life of an average slave on a plantation.

6.  List the occupations held by slaves.   

7. Discuss the relevant statistics about slave ownership in the South.

8. Describe the daily lives of a typical planter, a small slaveholder, a yeoman farmer.

9. List the arguments for slavery offered by Southerners.

10.  Explain the attitudes of southern yeoman farmers.

11.  Describe the background of most plantation owners and what their life was like.

12  Explain the various methods used by slaves to resist the oppression of their masters.

13. Discuss the life of free blacks in the North and the South during the days of slavery.

14. Compare black religion with its white Protestant counterparts.

15. Describe the main features of black slave family life.

16.  Explain how Hinton Helper tried to convince southern yeoman farmers that slavery reduced their standard of living. 

17.  Explain the underground railroad.

18.  List the number of slaves in the South at the time of the Civil War.

19.  Describe a major disadvantage to the extensive cotton production that took place in the Deep South.

CHAPTER 12

1.Describe the Second Great Awakening on the southern frontier.

2.  Describe the Second Great Awakening in the North.  

3. Explain how the northern wing of the Second Great Awakening inspired social reform. 

4. Explain the purpose of public education according to Horace Mann.

5. Discuss the emergence of state-supported prisons, insane asylums, and poorhouses and the role of Dorothea Dix.

6. Discuss the temperance crusade

7. Describe the factors and events which led to the rise of the women’s rights movement.

8.Describe the Abolitionist movement in the North.

CHAPTER 13

1. Describe the conditions of the western “borderlands” of the 1830s as well as the factors attracting American settlers.

2.  List what territory belonged to Mexico when it acquired its independence in 1821.

3.  Explain the results of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty.

4. Name the ideals of John O'Sullivan's concept of Manifest Destiny.

5.  Describe who and what encouraged U.S. citizens to immigrate to Texas in the 1820s. 

6. Explain the causes and results of the Texas revolution.

7.  List the major campaigns of the Texas Revolution.

8.  Describe what happened when Texas tried to enter the U.S. in 1836. 

9.  Describe how President Tyler annexed Texas.

10. Discuss the importance of the Santa Fe and Oregon Trails in expanding American trade and settlement.

11. Identify the candidates and issues and explain the outcome and consequences of the election of 1844.

12. Evaluate the successes and failures of James K. Polk’s administration.

13.  Explain how the Oregon boundary question was solved.

14. .Explain why the U.S. went to war with Mexico in 1846.

15  Name the major campaigns of the Mexican War.

16.  Explain the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. 

17.  Explain the major issue that came up in Congress during the war with Mexico and divided the American public

18.  Explain the Wilmot Proviso.

19. Discuss the factors which contributed to American economic growth from 1830 to 1860.

20.  Explain how railroads transformed the U.S. economy in the 1840s and 1850s.

21.  Explain what state and local governments did to help early railroads.

22. Describe the changing composition and attitudes of the American working class during this era.

23.  List the countries that produced large numbers of immigrants to the U.S. in the 1840s and 1850s.

24.  Explain where most Irish immigrants settled in the United States.

25.  Explain how the majority of immigrants were employed in the mid 1800s.    

CHAPTER 14 

1.  Explain the status of slavery in future states under the Constitution. 

2.  Describe the results of the attempt to pass the Wilmot Proviso.   

3. Explain the basic tenets of popular (or squatter) sovereignty and why did it fail in Kansas. 

4.Describe the basic parts of the Compromise of 1850.

5. Explain the motivations for and the consequences of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854.

6. Analyze the reasons for shifting political alignments in this era, specifically: (a) the rise and fall of the Free-Soil party, (b) the disintegration of the Whig party, (c) the appearance and brief success of the Know-Nothing party, and (d) the emergence and victory of the Republican party.

7. Trace the development of attempts to win Kansas by the proslavery and antislavery forces, noting specifically: (a) the “sack of Lawrence,” (b) the role of John Brown and (c) the Lecompton Constitution.

8. Explain why Northerners were opposed to the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1954.

 9. Explain the origin of the Republican Party.  

10. Discuss the effects of social and cultural sectionalism in preparing the path for southern secession.

11. Discuss the findings of the Dred Scott case of 1857.

12. Contrast the positions taken by Republican Abraham Lincoln and Democrat Stephen Douglas in the debates held for the Illinois Senate race of 1858.

13.  Discuss the significance of Harriet Beecher Stowe's book, Uncle Tom's Cabin.

14. Explain the intensification of southern fears regarding a possible Republican victory in the election of 1860, especially in light of John Brown’s 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia.

15. Explain why it was difficult for northern abolitionists to develop a practical program to eliminate slavery in the country.

16.Describe the basic beliefs of the Republican Party in 1860.

17.  Describe the basic beliefs of the Democratic Parties in 1860.

18.Describe the basic beliefs of the Constitutional Union Party in 1860.

19.Describe how southerners saw the election of 1860.    

CHAPTER 15

1.  Explain how Southerners reacted to Lincoln's victory in 1860.

2  .Name the first state to secede in 1860. 

3.  Describe how the various groups of southerners felt about secession.

4.  Characterize in political terms the new Confederate government leaders.

5.  Describe the differences in the Confederate Constitution from the U.S. Constitution. 

6. Trace the development of southern secession from Lincoln’s election through the decision of the upper South to join the Confederacy.

7 Explain the Crittenden Compromise and evaluate the Republican decision to reject the  compromise.

8. Describe the development of the North’s resolve to fight to preserve the Union.

9.  Explain why in the beginning, Lincoln framed the war as a struggle to preserve the Union.    

10.  Explain the draft in the North and South. 

11. Explain the reaction of the Border States to the coming of the Civil War. 

12. Analyze the opposing strategies of the Civil War.

13.  Explain how both the North and South acquired manpower for their armies.   

14.  Define the concept of “total war,” then explain its effect on the efforts of the North and South.

15. Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of the North and South in the Civil War.

16.  Explain where and why the first shots of the Civil War were fired.

17.  Explain why the North lost the first battle of the war at Bull Run. 

18. Describe the eastern campaigns in 1862.

19. Describe the western campaigns in 1862.

20.  Name the turning point of the Civil War in the west in 1863.

21.  Name the turning point of the Civil War in the east in 1863.

22.  Name the commander of the Union Army in the March to the Sea and explain how this march helped Lincoln win a second term. 

23. Explain “King Cotton Diplomacy” and why it failed.

24. Trace and explain Lincoln’s gradual movement toward the Emancipation Proclamation.

25.  List which slaves were freed by the Emancipation Proclamation.  

26. Describe the role played by African-American troops in the Union armed forces during the Civil War.

27.  Explain what the copperheads believed about the war. 

28.  Name the candidates and results of the presidential election of 1864.

29.  Name the place where General Robert E. Lee surrendered in 1865.

30.  Explain the constitutional issues solved by the Civil War

31.  Explain why the North won the Civil War. 

32. List and describe the principal social and economic changes that accompanied the Civil War.

33.  List how many soldiers died in the Civil War. 

CHAPTER 16

1. Define the term "Reconstruction".

2. Contrast the presidential and congressional wartime reconstruction programs.

3.  Describe Lincoln's plan for reconstruction and explain why Reconstruction could have been different if Lincoln had lived. 

4. Explain how Andrew Johnson’s background shaped his attitudes and policies on Reconstruction.

5. Describe the processes by which Andrew Johnson lost support in Congress, and the Radical Republicans gained control of Reconstruction.

6 Summarize the goals of Radical Reconstruction and evaluate the success with which these goals were achieved.

7.  Explain the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.

8.  Explain the main implication behind Black Codes in the South. 

9. Explain the origins and results of the impeachment crisis of Andrew Johnson. 

10. Define the southern systems of contract labor and sharecropping with emphasis on their effects upon African Americans.

11. Explain the Federal Agency designed to assist former slaves in making economic adjustment.

12. Evaluate Grant’s handling of the major problems of his administration: the money question, enforcement of Reconstruction, and governmental corruption.

13. Identify the social and economic adjustments in the South during the radical reconstruction years.

14. Evaluate the achievements and list reasons for the ultimate failure of the southern Republican governments.

15. Summarize the scandals which rocked the Grant administration.

16.  Explain how reconstruction was overthrown in the south.

17.Name the candidates of the election of 1876 and Explain the nature of the political crisis involving the election. 

18. Discuss the terms and results of the “Compromise of 1877.”

19. Explain the role of the Redeemers in the South.

20.  Explain the organization that symbolized the "white backlash" in the South to

       reconstruction.

21.  Explain the legacy of Reconstruction for most African Americans.

22.  Explain how African Americans ended up paying the heaviest price for the sectional

       reunion after Reconstruction.