Unit 2

Nationhood to Reconstruction

Behavioral Objectives (Test Items)
Here are the specific tasks you will be called upon to perform successfully on the Unit 2 Exam. The information required for mastery of the reading objectives is contained in Chapters 5-8 of Beyond Myths and Legends: A Narrative History of Texas. The information required for mastery of the lecture objectives is contained in the lectures for this unit – “Life on the Precipice: The Republic of Texas,” “Fighting on the Fringe: The Civil War in Texas,” and “The World Turned Upside Down: Reconstruction in Texas.”

READING OBJECTIVES

  1. Assess the situation of Texans following the Battle of San Jacinto being sure to identify specific problems and challenges.
  2. Identify the outcomes of the September, 1836 elections in the new republic and the specifics of the governmental system adopted.
  3. Describe and evaluate the effectiveness of President Sam Houston’s efforts during his first term in each of the following areas:
    1. securing diplomatic recognition of the Republic of Texas
    2. finances
    3. land policy national defense vis-à-vis both the Republic of Mexico and the Indian population
  4. Contrast Mirabeau B. Lamar’s presidency with that of Houston paying particular attention to possible annexation, Indian policy, expenditures, and the deteriorating financial picture.
  5. Evaluate President Houston’s second administration considering each of the following:
    1. budget reductions to address deteriorating finances
    2. response to Mexican raids
  6. Be familiar with the political controversy the possibility of Texas annexation caused in the United States, the means by which annexation was finally achieved, and the terms of Texas’ admission.
  7. Identify the importance of each of the following:
    1. Battle of the Neches
    2. Council House Fight
    3. Great Comanche Raid on Linnville and Victoria
    4. Battle of Plum Creek

 

Chapter 6 – “The 28th State in the Union, 1845-1861”

  1. Describe the role the annexation of Texas played in both causing the Mexican War while at the same time intensifying the battle throughout the United States regarding the expansion of slavery.
  2. Evaluate the Texas-New Mexico boundary dispute’s impact on sectional tension in the United States being sure to identify the terms of the dispute’s resolution.
  3. Identify annexation’s impact upon Texas’ western frontier.
  4. Be familiar with population growth following annexation and the variety of ethnic and racial groups flowing into Texas.
  5. Identify and describe the various social classes that characterized Texas in the era of early statehood.
  6. Identify the impact of each of the following on the attitudes of Texans on whether or not to remain a part of the American union:
    1. John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia
    2. the abolitionist movement
    3. the “Texas troubles”
    4. the emergence of the new Republican party committed to prohibiting the geographic expansion of slavery
  7. Trace the process by which Texas seceded from the union being sure to identify proponents and opponents of the decisions (both individuals, groups, and regions).
  8. Evaluate why certain sections of the state supported and others opposed secession.
  9. Identify the importance of each of the following:
    1. Missouri Compromise
    2. Nueces Strip
    3. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848)
    4. Compromise of 1850
    5. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
    6. Juan Cortina
    7. Knights of the Golden Circle

 

Chapter 7 – “Texas During the Civil War, 1861-1865”

  1. Identify and explain the various factors motivating Texans to serve in the Confederate war effort.
  2. Discuss the experiences of Texans fighting east of the Mississippi River and the importance of their contributions.
  3. Be familiar with each of the following conflicts being sure to identify goals, outcome, and importance:
    1. the Confederate invasion of New Mexico
    2. Union seizure of Corpus Christi and Galveston
    3. the Battle of Sabine Pass
    4. the Battle of Brownsville
    5. the Battles of Mansfield and Pleasant Hill
  4. Discuss the problem of Texans’ desertion from the Confederate military.
  5. Describe life on the home front in Texas during the war years – stresses, changes, and sacrifices.
  6. Evaluate the extent and manifestations of dissent against the war effort.
  7. Be familiar with the war’s impact on the state’s western frontier.
  8. Identify the importance of each of the following:
    1. the Texas cotton trade through Mexico
    2. Santos Benavides
    3. Camp Ford
    4. refuge slaves from other states
    5. the Great Gainsville Hanging
    6. the Battle of Nueces

 

Chapter 8 – “Reconstruction in Texas: The Unfinished Civil War, 1865-1874”

  1. Evaluate the contention that it is “a more constructive” interpretation “to examine the era from 1861 to 1877 as two distinct phases of a continuous conflict between northern and southern states” rather than viewing the Civil War and Reconstruction as separate eras and phenomena. What commonalities did they share?
  2. Contrast the wartime Reconstruction views and programs of President Abraham Lincoln and Congress as revealed in the Ten Percent Plan and the Wade-Davis Bill.
  3. Identify the requirements of postwar Presidential Reconstruction as laid down by Andrew Johnson.
  4. Identify the mission of the Freedmen’s Bureau and evaluate the hurdles it faced in Texas following the war and emancipation.
  5. Be familiar with each of the following battles of Presidential Reconstruction and how they reflected an unrepentant attitude and effort to preserve as much as possible of antebellum Texas society:
    1. the constitutional convention of 1866
    2. statewide elections and the constitutional referendum of 1866
    3. the actions of the Eleventh Legislature
    4. reaction to the presence of occupation forces
  6. Identify the new requirements and methodologies set by Congress when it seized control of Reconstruction in 1866-1867.
  7. Describe in detail Texans’ response to Congressional Reconstructing being sure to be familiar with each of the following:
    1. the constitutional convention of 1868-69 and the document/governmental system it produced
    2. how fully congressional requirements were met
    3. the changing partisan composition of the electorate, the legislature, and the new state government
    4. the level of violence related to Reconstruction
  8. Evaluate and discuss the gubernatorial administration and performance of Edmund J. Davis and the Twelfth Legislature. How was the Davis government different from any that had preceded it and why was it so controversial?
  9. Chronicle the end of the Reconstruction era being sure to identify each of the following:
    1. the special congressional election of 1871
    2. the Amnesty Act of 1872
    3. the general legislative election of November, 1872 producing the Thirteenth Legislature
    4. the actions of the Thirteenth Legislature
    5. the gubernatorial election of December, 1873
  10. Identify the importance of each of the following:
    1. “ironclad oath”
    2. Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments
    3. “black codes”
    4. Texas State Police
    5. martial law
    6. Ku Klux Klan
    7. Ex parte Rodriguez (the Semicolon case)
LECTURE OBJECTIVES

"Life on the Precipice: The Republic of Texas" (HIS1693.HUP.22539x)

  1. Identify the particulars of the Treaty of Velasco signed by Santa Anna following the Battle of San Jacinto and Mexico's compliance with the treaty.
  2. Describe in detail the precariousness of Texas independence and its vulnerability vis-à-vis the Republic of Mexico.
  3. Describe in detail the Santa Fe expedition authorized by President Lamar being sure to cover each of the following: (a.) reasons for the expedition and its goal, (b.) the attitudes of the residents of Santa Fe and the Republic of Texas, (c.) the outcome of the expedition, (d.) Mexico's response to the Santa Fe expedition.
  4. Be familiar with the two Mexican invasions of the Republic of Texas in 1842.
  5. Be familiar with each of the following events: (a.) the Dawson "Massacre", (b.) the Somervell Expedition, (c.) the Mier Expedition (under W. S. Fisher's command), (d.) the attempted escape of the Mier prisoners.
  6. Evaluate why Texans were eager for annexation by the United States in light of the events covered in this lecture.
"Fighting on the Fringe: The Civil War in Texas" (HIS1693.HUP.22540x)
  1. Describe and be familiar with the military and economic significance of each of the following Civil War engagements: (a.) the evacuation and seizure of U. S. military installations in Texas, (b.) the New Mexican campaign of John R. Baylor and G. H. Sibley and the Battle of Glorietta Pass, (c.) the Battle of Galveston, (d.) the Battle of Sabine Pass, (e.) the Red River campaign and Battle of Pleasant Hill, (f.) the Battle of Brownsville.
  2. Explain why Texas witnessed so little significant military action during the Civil War.
"The World Turned Upside Down: Reconstruction in Texas" (HIS1693.HUP.22541x)
  1. Contrast the popular myth of Reconstruction perpetuated by Texans for nearly a century with the overall view of Reconstruction now held by historians.
  2. Contrast the wartime Reconstruction views and programs of President Abraham Lincoln and Congress: (a.) Lincoln's 10% Plan, (b.) Congress' Wade-Davis Bill.
  3. Identify the particulars of President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction program.
  4. Describe in detail how Texans responded to the requirements of Presidential Reconstruction.
  5. Explain why Texas was not readmitted to the Union under Johnsonian requirements even though President Johnson had declared Texas "reconstructed".
  6. Identify and describe in detail the new requirements set by Congress for readmission to the Union in 1867.
  7. Describe in detail how Texans responded to the requirements of Congressional Reconstruction: (a.) the constitution of 1869, (b.) the composition and actions of the Twelfth Legislature, (c.) the actions of Governor E. J. Davis.
  8. Explain in detail how Texans, once readmitted to the Union, undid the products of congressional Reconstruction between 1871 and 1876.
  9. Identify the various enduring impacts of Reconstruction in Texas.