- For all body fluids discussed in this unit, describe the collection process including appropriate terminology, explain how it is distributed and the laboratory's role in its testing.
- List and provide laboratory - associated examples of six major hazards possible in the laboratory.
- Identify at least four (4) common bloodborne pathogens that have laboratory safety implications.
- Describe the components of the"chain of infection" and the lab's implications.
- Identify the personal protective equipment (PPE) used by laboratory personnel and implement their use, as appropriate, in the campus lab.
- Describe and implement the proper methods of disposing of body fluids and urine in the clinical and campus labs.
- Identify standard hazard warning symbols found in the laboratory or healthcare setting.
- For each body fluid specimen physically provided or described, evaluate its potential bio-hazard risk level and describe the appropriate PPE and precautions required.
- Describe and evaluate the reasoning and logic behind the special precautions and PPE required for patients requiring 1. Airborne, 2. Droplet, 3. Contact precautions and those requiring Reverse Isolation.
- Explain and demonstrate the "shared responsibility for the safety of all" concept and tutor returning and new students on safety issues.
- Define the following terms and explain how they are applied to
the clinical laboratory setting:
- Right to Know station
- Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
- National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) labeling
- RACE - state what the acronym stands for and its use
- PASS - state what the acronym stands for and its use
- Define the following terms, and describe how they relate to quality control assessment in the urinalysis laboratory:
- Quality Assessment
- Quality Control
- Delta Checks
- Critical / Panic values
- Error (pre-analytical, analytical, & post-analytical)
- Reliabilty
- Standards
- Controls
- Proficiency Testing
- Accuracy
- Precision
- Given a series of quality control results, evaluate the results for validity, state the corrective actions to be taken on results which are out of range as well as possible causes of invalid results.
- Draw, identify and correctly label macroscopic and microscopic structures of the urinary system to include the functional unit of the kidney and urine producing component parts.
- Identify at least seven (7) functions of the kidney.
- Describe the processes involved in urine production and elimination.
- For each of the following, indicate the origin and describe its
relationship or interaction with the kidneys:
- Aldosterone
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- Renin
- Angiotensin
- Define the following terms as they apply to urine production and testing:
- Filtration
- Ultra-filtrate / Glomerular filtrate
- Glomerular Filtration Rate / GFR
- GRF tests
- Renal Blood Flow
- Reabsorption
- Secretion
- Concentration
- Threashold substances
- Briefly describe the kidney's role in acid / base balance.
- Define the following:
- Cystitis
- Nephritis
- Urethritis
- Micturation
- Diuresis
- Anuria
- Nocturia
- Polyuria
- Oliguria
- Isothenuria
- Diabetes insipidis
- Relate abnormal urine physical properties with expected chemical and microscopic findings and any possible significance to patient health and well being.
- Recognize normal and abnormal 24 hour urine volumes using appropriate terms to describe those that are abnormal.
- List the five (5) normal colors of urine.
- Identify the three (3) constituents that give color to normal urine.
- List nine (9) abnormal urine colors and correlate them to probable / possible causes.
- Compare and contrast the effects hemoglobin, RBCs, myoglobin, melanin, and homogentisic acid have on urine color and clarity.
- Describe normal and abnormal urine transparency.
- State the significance of increased amount of foam in the urine specimen.
- Define specific gravity.
- Describe three (3) methods of measuring specific gravity in urine.
- Given the directions for the dilution and the appropriate data from the refractometer, correctly calculate a urine specific gravity of the diluted specimen.
- State the purpose / uses of urine specific gravity measurement and identify possible causes for abnormal results.
Last Update: July 28, 2010
Web Author: Carolyn A. Ragland, MSHP, MT(ASCP), CLS
Comments: cragland@austincc.edu