MLAB 1211 Urinalysis/Body Fluids
 

Unit 2 Objectives

  1. For all body fluids discussed in this unit, describe the collection process including appropriate terminology, explain how it is distributed and the laboratory's role in its testing.
  2. Summarize the correct steps in the collection and preparation of a urine sample for microscopic exam.
  3. Describe and demonstrate proper technique for reading urine microscopics.
  4. List and describe at least six (6) the cells that may be seen in urinary sediment.
  5. Categorize and describe the crystalline matter that may be seen in urinary sediment.
  6. Evaluate formation, composition, degradation, appearance & inclusions of urinary casts to obtain their most likely identification.
  7. Identify the major components in Sternheimer-Malbin stain.
  8. Evaluate the following urine stains and enhancement solutions to identify their purpose, action, and function:
    • SternheimerMalbin
    • Toluidine
    • 2% acetic acid
    • Lipid stains (Oil Red O and Sudan III)
    • Gram stain
    • Hansel
    • Prussian Blue stain / reaction
  9. List two (2) diagnostic uses of routine urinalysis.
  10. Explain why performing all aspects of the urinalysis as soon as possible will provide the most accurate assessment of urine macroscopic and microscopic characteristics.
  11. List the organic and inorganic constituents of normal urine.
  12. Identify and / or describe the normal and abnormal constituents that may be seen in the urine microscopic including red and white blood cells; renal, transitional and squamous epithelial cells; acid, alkaline an pathologically significant crystals; hyaline, granular, cellular and waxy casts; mucous threads; sperm; bacteria and parasites; and commonly encountered artifacts.
  13. Identify organic and artifactual microscopic structures that are sometimes confused with RBCs, WBCs, yeast and casts.
  14. Explain the significance of finding the following in the urine sample:
    • Increased RBCs, WBCs, renal epithelial cells, squamous epithelial cells. or bacteria.
    • Sperm in males
    • Sperm in older males
    • Sperm in females
    • Yeast of other parasites
  15. Categorize the abnormal accumulation of metabolites in the urine in terms of overflow and renal disorders.
  16. Identify the metabolic defects of Phenylketonuria (PKU) and Alcaptonuria.
  17. Describe the clinical manifestations and significance of PKU, Tyrosinuria, Alcaptonuria, Melanuria, Maple Syrup Disease, Hartnup Disease, Cystine Disorders, and Carbohydrate Disorders.
  18. Briefly describe the clinical manifestations of Porphyrin, Mucopolysaccharide and Purine Disorders.
  19. Identify significant carbohydrates that may be found in urine samples
  20. Describe three (3) characteristics of a good urine specimen container.
  21. Describe the methods used for collecting different types of urine specimens.
  22. List at least six (6) reasons for preserving urine specimens.
  23. List and describe the benefits and drawbacks of at least four (4) methods of urine preservation.
  24. Differentiate between screening, qualitative, and quantitative urine tests.
  25. Identify the effects that increasing levels of bacteria have on the urine specimen, including effects on physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics.
  26. Define the following terms and explain what impact they would have on the urine's microscopic report:
    • pyruia
    • hematuria
    • crystaluria
    • calculi
    • chronic renal failure
    • oval fat bodies
Last Update: July 28, 2010
Web Author: Carolyn A. Ragland, MSHP, MT(ASCP), NCA
Comments: cragland@austincc.edu