- Discuss the major components of seminal fluid with regard to source, function, normal and abnormal appearance.
- List three (3) reasons for semen analysis.
- Outline instructions to give to a patient for the correct method for collecting a semen specimen for laboratory analysis.
- List two (2) methods for identifying a questionable fluid as semen.
- State the significance of finding increased acid phosphatase in a suspicious fluid.
- Calculate a sperm count when provided with the number of sperm counted, the dilution factor and the area of the counting chamber used.
- List the normal values for: semen volume, viscosity, pH, sperm count, motility and morphology.
- Describe HCG, explain its role in pregnancy testing, and identify causes for false negative and false positive results.
- Analyze the formation, composition, and physiology of amniotic fluid.
- State three (3) reasons for amniotic fluid analysis.
- Describe tests performed on amniotic fluid to determine risk of Hemoyltic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN) and fetal maturity.
- Define amniocentesis and list special precautions needed for this procedure.
- Describe the handling and processing procedures for testing amniotic fluid.
- Explain the principle of spectrophotometric analysis of amniotic fluid for bilirubin and the interpretation of results as to level of risk to the fetus.
- Evaluate the L/S ratio including its significance and normal value in a mature fetus.
- Identify the significance of phosphatidylglycerol and the “foam” or “shake” test.
- Explain the significance of alpha fetal protein and cytogenetic analysis of amniotic fluid.
- Define cystic fibrosis (CF).
- Describe the methodology of the sweat chloride test.
- Analyze the sweat chloride values seen in patients suspected of having CF.
- Describe the physiology and composition of gastric fluid; including the role of gastrin in its production.
- List two (2) reasons for gastric fluid analysis.
- Explain the special patient preparation that should occur before gastric fluid is analyzed.
- Define or describe the Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, anacidity, hypochlorhydria, and achlorhydria.
- Describe the procedure for gastric acidity and state the clinical significance.
- Describe gastric fluid drug screening and its clinical significance.
- Describe the normal contents of a fecal specimen.
- List four (4) reasons for performing fecal analysis.
- Identify the special patient preparation that should occur before certain fecal analyses are performed.
- State the characteristic appearance of a fecal specimen in upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, lower GI bleeding, bile duct obstruction and steatorrhea.
- Briefly describe the procedures used and the clinical significance of: fecal leukocytes, fecal fat and occult blood testing.
- State reasons for false positive and false negative results for the Guaiac occult blood test.
- Discuss the immunochemical fecal occult blood test (iFOBT) to include basic principle and advantages.
- Identify the most common organisms causing bacterial and parasitic infections in the stool specimen
- Describe and interpret the microscopic results of Sudan III stained fecal smears from normal patients and patients with steatorrhea.
- Given a picture of an example test or its description, evaluate the results of an APT test for fetal hemoglobin.
- Identify the expected / normal results and significant cells seen in the following fluids: bronchoalveolar lavage, nasal, cyst, tears, and breast milk.
- Define and list at least three (3) symptoms of vaginitis.
- Identify at least two (2) sources of error that can occur during the collection and processing of vaginal wet prep specimens.
- List three (3) common causes of infectious vaginitis.
- Describe "clue cells" and explain the significance of finding them in a vaginal wet prep.
- Evaluate the test for estrogenic activity including the appearance of positive and negative results.
MLAB 1211 Urinalysis/Body Fluids