Math 1854, Calculus I

Spring 1998 (*)

In this document are the following sections:

Instructor / Text / Goals

Graphing Calculators and Computers / Prerequisite

Time / Syllabus and Calendar /

Homework / Daily quizzes / Class work / Tests / Overview of grading

Homework Guidelines / Homework Assignment for Test 1

Instructor: Dr. Mary Parker
NRG 2147
phone: 223-4846
mparker@austincc.edu
http://www.austincc.edu/mparker/

Office Hours:
MW 4:05 - 5:35 p.m.
TH 10:35 - 11-35 a.m.

Other times available by appointment. Just ask.

Text: Calculus, Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, et. al., Wiley, 1994
Student Answer Manual

Optional: Student Solution Manual

Course Goals: In this course, you will learn to:

  1. Understand the basic ideas of differential and integral calculus in four ways - verbally, geometrically, numerically, and analytically.
  2. Use the ideas and methods of differential and integral calculus to solve problems and provide convincing explanations of your solutions.
  3. Read mathematical explanations and problem solutions at the calculus level with understanding.

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Calculator or Computer: You will need access to a graphing calculator or equivalent computer program.

As much as possible in this course, we will present every topic four ways: verbally, graphically, numerically, and algebraically. Based on the evidence available here at ACC and from other schools around the country, we believe that this approach will strengthen your mathematical abilities and intuition significantly. In order to use this approach, each of you must have access to some form of technology (graphing calculator or computer program) that enables you to (easily and quickly)

  1. sketch the graph of any function given by a formula,
  2. find (approximate) roots of any equation, and
  3. compute integrals numerically.

Graphing calculators (such as the TI-83) will do all of these and can be bought for as little as $90. If you already have a graphing calculator that you own or have borrowed, start out using it. (It will be very useful to have the manual for it too.) If you do not have a graphing calculator and want to buy one, I recommend the TI-83. Don't buy a different one (even cheap from a pawnshop or a friend) until you have talked with me about the pros and cons of each type of calculator.

Several good public-domain computer graphing programs are available, including one for Windows, one for DOS that runs on 10-year-old computers, and one for Macs. Check the math Website (http://www.austincc.edu/math/) for information about buying graphing calculators and downloading computer software. By the first class day of the second week, you must learn to graph a function and find zeroes of it using at least one form of technology.

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Prerequisite: One year of high school precalculus with a B or better or MTH 1764 (Precalculus). There will be some discussion of various algebraic and trigonometric functions as mathematical models in the first few weeks of this course, but we will not review the algebraic computations you learned in previous courses. When we begin using these computations intensively (in Chapter 4 during Calculus I and Chapter 7 during Calculus II), you will not have adequate time to re-learn them. If you have not had the full prerequisite for this course, you should drop back now and take the appropriate course(s). Sometimes students with weak algebra backgrounds make it through Calculus I with a C, but I've never seen any of them get through Calculus II. And it's very awkward to have to stop in the middle of your calculus sequence and go back to take Precalculus. Such students usually change their career plans to leave calculus entirely. That always seems really unfortunate to me. You'll have a much more successful experience if you get the right background before you start calculus.

Time Commitment: You must work on this material at least 8 to 10 hours per week outside of class in order to succeed in this course. Some of this time should be spent working on the material by yourself, but you should also spend at least two hours per week working with other students or in a tutoring lab. This enables you to get your questions answered efficiently and to practice explaining material to others. Both of these will enhance your understanding of the material.

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Syllabus/Calendar/Testing Schedule:

Week 1: 1.1-1.5
Week 2: 1.6-1.9
Week 3: 1.10-1.11, Test
Week 4: 2.1-2.3
Week 5: 2.4-2.6
Week 6: 2.7-2.8, Test, 3.1
Week 7: 3.2-3.4
Week 8: 3.5, 4.1-4.3
Week 9: 4.4, Test, 4.5
Week 10: 4.6-4.8
Week 11: 4.9, 5.1-5.2
Week 12: 5.3, Test
Week 13: 5.5-5.6
Week 14: 5.6-5.7
Week 15: 6.3-6.5
Week 16: Final Exam

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Homework

You will learn calculus by thinking about problems and about the concepts, asking questions about them, working on them with other people, thinking more about them yourself, and writing up solutions to problems and possibly explanations of the concepts. That you do the homework and how you do it is crucial. I'll give you further guidance during the semester. The first set of guidelines is included in this handout, as is the homework assignment for the first three weeks. Throughout, you should keep your homework solutions organized, with every page clearly labeled with the section number and problem number.

The homework will be turned in five times, at the time of each test, with a possible grade of 20 on each part. (Total possible grade of 100.) Do not wait until you turn in the homework to get feedback from me on your solutions. That will be too late for you to benefit from the help in studying for your test. Instead, you are expected to be getting feedback on a daily basis, during class and during office hours. Also, if you want specific feedback on your method of solution, you can turn in any homework problem with the daily quiz any day and mark it "For feedback".

If a problem is listed on the homework and then I assign it as a daily quiz problem also, you should turn it in for the quiz and then, when you get it back, reinsert it in your homework notebook at the appropriate place.

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Daily Quizzes/Projects: Forty-five daily quiz problems will be assigned, to be done outside of class. (One assigned each Tuesday to be due on Thursday, and two each Thursday to be due on Tuesday.) A correct solution will be worth 2 points and an exemplary solution worth 3 points per problem. Although 135 points are possible, only grades up to 100 will be counted. Individual daily quizzes may not be counted for a grade unless you attend class and turn them in at the beginning of class on the day they are due - the assignment scheme allows for more than enough absences. If you miss class, you must get copies of the notes for that class from a classmate so that you won't be behind. Ask him or her what the quiz problem is too.

Class work: In general, I try to make all the discussions in class relevant to the entire class, even when I am answering individual questions from students. I'll appreciate your cooperation in that. Some comments:

  1. I will answer questions concerning the general method for solving specific homework problems in class, but, during class, I will not help an you find where you might have made an algebraic mistake. If you need any individual help on algebra or trigonometry, we must do that outside of class.
  2. If you have a question about the grading of a paper, come to see me individually. (See the note under "Grading" here.)
  3. If you miss some or all of a class and you need to ask about handouts, returned papers, etc. that you missed, do that OUTSIDE of class. Before the time for class to start or after the time class is over is fine, but not during the class time.
  4. If you are using a calculator besides a TI-82, 83, or 85, or graphing software besides Winplot, any questions about those must be outside of class. There simply isn't enough class time to deal with all possibilities and still do the required material.

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Tests: In a sense, every homework assignment and every test is comprehensive because of the nature of the material. In general, each test (except for the final exam) will focus on the material that has been covered since the previous test.

Test 1 -- through Chapter 1

Test 2 -- through Chapter 2

Test 3 -- through Chapter 4, section 4

Test 4 -- through Chapter 5, section 3

Test 5 (final exam) -- through Chapter 6

A student who misses a test or who a low grade on a test may petition to have that test grade replaced by the grade on the last test. Such a written petition must be turned in within approximately one week of the time the test is returned and must include (1) a description of what went wrong and how that will be avoided in the future (2) all the problems on the test, worked correctly (in order), and (3) the original test. Only one such substitution will be allowed.

Grades: Your seven grades (five tests, one homework grade, and one daily quiz grade) will be averaged.

A: 90-100 / B: 80-89 / C: 70-79 / D: 60-69 / F: below 60

W Withdrew from course. This is a completely neutral grade, not passing or failing. You may be withdrawn if you miss as many as 4 classes or if you fail to meet course objectives, but I make no promise to do so. If you wish to withdraw, you must fill out the form before the deadline.

I Incomplete. This grade (I) will be given only in very rare circumstances. Generally, to receive a grade of I, a student must have taken all examinations, be passing, and have a personal tragedy occur within the final three weeks of the course which prevents course completion.

If you believe that I have made a mistake on grading anything, write a note of explanation on a separate sheet of paper, staple it to the paper, and turn it in for re-grading. I am happy to discuss this with you outside of class, but grades will never be changed or corrected "on the spot". Such corrections must be made very soon after the paper was originally graded.

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Homework Guidelines - Math 1854

The purpose of doing homework is not to fill pieces of paper with math problems. It is to enhance the way you think about mathematical problems. Keep in mind that a major goal is to be able to work the homework problems (and others similar to them) in test-like conditions. Most things that students find confusing on tests were, at first, confusing to them in the homework as well. So, if you keep careful track of your questions, and the help and answers you get, you will be making an excellent study tool for yourself.

You can keep track of those questions and answers as part of your homework pages or on separate pages. Decide which of these will encourage you to pay the most attention to them and do it that way.

As you do your homework in each chapter, keep a record on a cover sheet. List all the problem numbers in the assignment for each section and put a symbol beside each to indicate your progress.

SymbolMeaning
checkIt was complete and correct the first time I did it.
x checkSomething was wrong when I first did it, but I corrected it.
? checkI had a question at first, but I got that answered and then did it correctly.
?I had a question and never got it answered.
xI got it wrong and never did find out why.
okI didn't have time to do it, but I'm sure that I could have done it correctly.
blankI just didn't get it done.
check +Exemplary solution!

Grading

The following factors will be considered in assigning a grade.

  1. Is it reasonably complete?
  2. Is the required cover sheet provided?
  3. Are the comments on the cover sheet honest?
  4. Have you gotten most of your questions answered?
  5. Is it submitted in a thin folder, with no other material and with the problems labeled and in order, so that it is easy to find specific problems?
  6. Is there at least one exemplary solution in each section?
  7. Is your idea of "exemplary" the same as mine?
  8. If you needed a graphing calculator or computer software to do a problem, did you use it and did you write enough information to help you remember how you did it when you review this section?
  9. Is it submitted on time? (Homework will never be accepted "in installments". What's turned in at the first is all that I grade. If I agree to accept the homework late, that will only be to allow you time to get it from home because you forgot it, NOT to allow you more time to do the problems. All problems to be graded must be finished BEFORE the test, for obvious reasons.)

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Homework, Math 1854, Chapter 1

1.1: 1, 3, 11, 13, 14

1.2: 1, 5, 7, 9, 13, 16, 21

Handout on Preliminary Precalculus Review (included here): 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

1.3: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 17

1.4: 1, 3, 4, 8, 11, 15, 19

1.5: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 13, 15

1.6: 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 15, 20, 21, 22

1.7: 1, 5, 9, 13, 16, 21, 23, 27, 33, 35, 38

1.8: 1, 3, 7, 11

1.9: 3, 5, 9, 13, 15, 17, 23, 24, 29

1.10: 1, 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 31, 35, 41, 48

1.11: 1, 5, 9, 13, 15, 19, 25

Chapter Review: 1, 5, 7, 13, 17, 21, 27, 31, 35, 41, 43, 47

Preliminary Precalculus Review

General method to be followed for problems 1 - 4:

  1. Notice where the function isn't defined before you start changing the form, i.e. notice where a denominator is zero or you would have an even root of a negative number.
  2. To find the x intercepts, set and solve for x, by doing appropriate algebraic simplification.
  3. Summarize the results, making absolutely clear which are x intercepts and which are values for which the function is not defined.
  4. Use your graphing calculator or software to graph the function over an appropriate domain to confirm your algebraic solutions.

For each of the following functions, find the x intercepts and find the values of x where it is undefined.

  1. on
  2. on

5. A company manufactures chairs. The cost is $20 per chair if you buy 100 or fewer chairs. If you buy between 101 and 600 chairs, the price decreases by $0.02 per chair for every chair in excess of 100. Assume that they won't sell more than 600 chairs in one order. (I know that's unrealistic, but it's easier this way!)

a. Compute the total revenue for the sale of (i) 90 chairs, (ii) 100 chairs, (iii) 101 chairs, (iv) 102 chairs, (v) 103 chairs.

b. We want to write a algebraic function so that we can sketch a graph and use that graph to enable us to see what number of chairs sold will generate the maximum revenue. At first, let's ignore the possibility of selling fewer than 100 chairs. Let x be the number of chairs sold in excess of 100. Now write the revenue as a function of x. Be sure that you give the limits on the domain of x along with the function.

c. Graph the function on the appropriate domain.

d. What name does this type of function have? How do you find the maximum or minimum value of this type of function? (Hint: Think about the word: vertex.)

e. Find the maximum value of the function. What value of x gives it?

f. Now, let's reconsider the original problem statement. Which values for number of chairs are possible that we have ignored in our algebraic function? Are all of them relevant to this discussion of maximum revenue? Are any of them? Why or why not?

g. Write this sentence, but with the blanks correctly filled in: "According to the work I have shown, for an order, the maximum revenue of ______ is generated by selling _____ chairs."

6. A company manufactures chairs. The cost is $20 per chair if you buy 100 or fewer chairs. If you buy between 101 and 600 chairs, the price decreases by $0.02 per chair on the entire order. Assume that they won't sell more than 600 chairs in one order. We want to write a algebraic function so that we can sketch a graph and use that graph (or do some algebra) to enable us to see what number of chairs sold will generate the maximum revenue.

a. Compute the total revenue for the sale of (i) 90 chairs, (ii) 100 chairs, (iii) 101 chairs, (iv) 102 chairs, (v) 103 chairs.

b. At first, let's ignore the possibility of selling fewer than 100 chairs. Let x be the number of chairs sold in excess of 100. Now write the revenue as a function of x. Be sure to give the limits on the domain of x along with the function.

c. Graph the function on the appropriate domain.

d. What name does this type of function have? How do you find the maximum or minimum value of this type of function? (Hint: Think about this word: vertex.)

e. Find the maximum value of the function. What value of x gives it?

f. Now, let's reconsider the original problem statement. Which values for number of chairs are possible that we have ignored in our algebraic function? Are all of them relevant to this discussion of maximum revenue? Are any of them? Why or why not?

g. Write this sentence, but with the blanks correctly filled in: "According to the work I have shown, for an order, the maximum revenue of ______ is generated by selling _____ chairs."

7. Discuss the difference in the problem statement for problems 5 and 6.

a. What differences did this make in the solution, both in the process and in the result?

b. Did the computations you did in part a help you when you began to write the function?

c. How would you pick the particular values to use in part a if you were doing a problem like this again?

8. Redo problem 5, but write the revenue function as a function of the actual number of chairs, c. (Rather than the number of chairs more than 100, which we called x.) How does that change the form of the function? Does it change the answer? Which do you think is easier - doing it like number 5 or doing it like this?

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* For the official handout and homework, refer to what is handed out in class. While I intend to update the Web versions regularly, I may forget to do so from time to time. You can expect that it will be accurate as of the time of the last update. Last updated December 22, 1997. mparker@austincc.edu

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