Georgia Parker Clogston

Sotol

This paper will examine the cultural significance of Sotol to the Indian cultures of the southwest. This paper uses a mix of primary and secondary sources to get a rounded view of what Sotol meant to these cultures in terms of sustenance, tools, entertainment, mythology, and well being.

Primary Sources:

Bell, Willis, Alvin Grove, and Edwin Casteiter. "Ethnobotanical Studies in The American Southwest." University of New Mexico Bulletin VI (1938). https://repository.unm.edu/bitstream/handle/1928/10453/UNM%20Biology%20Bulletin %20VOL.%205%20-%20NO.%205.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed April 2014)

This bulletin was published in 1938 by The University of New Mexico. It examines the aboriginal utilization and distribution of Agave family plants in the southwest. This article was found through scholar.google.com.

Havard, V.. "Report on The Flora of Western And Southern Texas."Proceedings of United States National Museum VIII (1885). http://ia700501.us.archive.org/25/items/mobot31753002746300/mobot31753002746300.pdf (accessed April 2014)

This report was published in 1885 by The United States National Museum. It was written by Dr. Havard who spent several years in the 1880's at a fort in south western Texas, and examined the local flora in the time he spent there. This article was found through a search on scholar.google.com

Kearny Jr., Thomas. "Grasses And Forage Plants of The Southeastern States." U.S. Department of Agriculture I (1895). https://archive.org/stream/reporttx00hava#page/476/mode/2up/search/sotol (accessed April 2014)

This article was published in 1895 by The Department of Agriculture. It examines the economic value and the importance as forage of all the plants discussed. This article was found on scholar.google.com

Riley, Tom. "Assessing diet and seasonality in the Lower Pecos canyonlands: an evaluation of coprolite specimens as records of individual dietary decisions." Journal of Archeological Science 39, no. 1 (2012).

http://ac.els-cdn.com.libproxy.txstate.edu/S0305440311003347/1-s2.0-S0305440311003347- main.pdf?_tid=1211f7b8-d01c-11e3-8ef3- 00000aab0f01&acdnat=1398830653_f5e97d34f106a9a05c73d64e6536d1c0 (accessed April 2014)

This article presents an evaluation of coprolite specimens from the Lower Pecos canyonlands as records of individual dietary decisions. This original research was published by the journal of archeological science in 2012. This journal was found through the Alkek library service online.

Secondary Sources:

Archer, Jane. Texas Indian myths and legends. Plano, Tex.: Republic of Texas Press, (2000).

Jane Archer is a best-selling author who writes historical novels. She combined a novelist's skills with extensive research to write this book of ancient stories. This book was found at an Austin Public Library.

Bell, Willis, and Edward Castetter. "Ethnobiological Studies in The American Southwest." University of New Mexico Bulletin VII (1941). http://repository.unm.edu/bitstream/handle/1928/10452/UNM%20Biology%20Bulletin %20VOL.%205%20-%20NO.%204.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed April 2014)

This bulletin was published in 1941 by the University of New Mexico. The goal of this bulletin was to investigate the aboriginal utilization and distribution of agave family plants in the desert southwest. It is an updated version of a similar bulletin published in 1938 with more information about sotol. This source was found through a search on scholar.google.com.

Carlisle, Jeffery D. “Spanish Relations With The Apache Nations East of The Rio Grande” PhD diss., University of North Texas (2001). http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2816/m2/1/high_res_d/dissertation.pdf (accessed April 2014)

This is a dissertation written by a PhD student of philosophy at the University of North Texas. As part of his research about Spanish and Apache relations he briefly examines Apache culture and their uses of plants. This source was found through a search on scholar.google.com.

Haley, James L. Apaches: a history and culture portrait. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, (1981).

This book was written to exemplify the war between whites and the Apache people through examination of the culture and mythologies of the Apache people so the reader can better understand their experience. This book was found at an Austin public library.

Newcomb, William W. The Indians of Texas, from prehistoric to modern times. Austin: University of Texas Press, (1961).

This book explores the ethnography of the Indian tribes who lived in Texas since the beginning of the historic period. It explores their diet and uses of local resources, plants and otherwise, for their daily life. This book was found at an Austin public library.

Opler, Morris Edward. An Apache life-way; the economic, social, and religious institutions of the Chiricahua Indians.. New York: Cooper Square Publishers,(1941).

This book was originally published in 1941, and remains one of the “most important and innovative studies of southwestern Native Americans”, drawing upon a rich and invaluable body of data gathered by the ethnographer Morris Edward Opler during the 1930s. This book was found at an Austin public library.

Stockel, H. Henrietta. Salvation through slavery Chiricahua Apaches and priests on the Spanish colonial frontier. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, (2008).

The author of this book examines the change and possible destruction of the Apache people through contact with different european groups, mainly the spanish, who wanted to inflict their religeous beliefs on this culture. This book was found at an austin public library.