The Pueblo Indians of New Mexico were under Spanish rule beginning in 1598. In 1680 a violent resurrection of autonomy took place that obliterated any semblance of Spanish control of the area for a period of twelve years.

 

The goal of research materials used in this project, are to both identify the root causes as well as the leadership of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, which to this day remain ineffectively pursued. Most sources appear to be unreliable at best, Pueblo accounts have passed through several generations of oral history and Spanish accounts appear to be completely biased. This is a pervasive problem throughout all of the documentation surrounding Native American history concerning tribes that relied on an oral history. Many of the secondary sources of modern origin have taken this into account and attempted to accommodate for the extremely limited and one sided reference material available to them, they are represented as follows.

 

 

Primary Sources

 

Otermin, Don Antonio de. Public broadcasting System http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/one/pueblo.htm

(Accessed April 5, 2005).

 

Letter of the governor and captain-general, Don Antonio de Otermin, from New Mexico, in which he gives him a full account of what has happened to him since the day the Indians surrounded him. [September 8, 1680.] This letter concerning the events of 9/8/1680 is one of the only first hand accounts to survive. It gives rare insight into the views of the Spanish in New Mexico.

 

Espinosa, J. Manuel. The Pueblo Indian Revolt of 1696 and the Franciscan Missions in New Mexico: Letters of the Missionaries and Related Documents. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1988.

 

Nine of the letters deal directly with the revolt, the rest are a good overview of the Spanish sentiment in New Mexico leading up to the revolt.

 

American Social History Productions, Inc. Charles Wilson Hackett, Revolt of the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico and OterminŐs Attempted Reconquest, 1680–1682 (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, 1942), Volume 2: 245–49.

http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6527/

(Accessed April 2, 2005).

 

A Keresan man called Pedro Naranjo Giving his testimony to the Spanish after the revolt. Written Indian accounts are rare, making this an interesting source (still written by the Spanish of course).

 

 

Secondary sources

 

http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/publications/journals/shq/online/v015/n2/015002129.html

(Accessed April 15, 2005).

 

This online publication from the University of Texas has sound information concerning a multitude of historical events in the southwest

 

Riley, Carrol L. The Kachina and the Cross: Indians and Spaniards in the Southwest. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1999.

 

The Kachina and the Cross was one of my most used reference materials, with concise and well researched information it would have been difficult to come to the same conclusions without it.

 

Father Juan Greyrobe: Reconstructing tradition histories, and the reliability and validity of... By: Wiget, Andrew. Ethnohistory, Summer96, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p459, 24p, 1 chart, 1 diagram; (AN 9709033195) Ebscohost

 

This is a short but interesting look at his work.

 

Riley, Carroll L. Rio Del Norte: People of the Upper Rio Grande From Earliest Times to the Pueblo Revolt. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1995.

 

Riley mainly discusses Indian ways and customs, which makes this a useful book in understanding Native American motivations. The largest gap in most of my reading has been the neglect of trying to understand the cultural motivations of Indians by authors as well as the people of New Mexico.

 

 

Knaut, Andrew L. The Pueblo Revolt of 1680: Conquest and Resistance in Seventeenth-century New Mexico. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995.

 

Knaut wrote an extremely detailed and historically accurate account of the conquest and rebellion in New Mexico. This particular resource was highly useful as well as enjoyable to read. Most of my citation came from this book.

 

Dozier, Edward P. The Pueblo Indians of North America. Long Grove: Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc. 1970. Reissued by Waveland Press, 1983.

 

The section on the revolt is small, as a general reference concerning Pueblo Indians it is an easy read and informative.

 

Ed. Ortiz, Alfonso. New Perspectives on the Pueblos. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1972.

 

Good Luck! This is one of the most informative books I have ever read. I didnŐt really use it much for this paper; I did however want to pass it along to others.