The Cherokee Phoenix
As
the threat of the white man quickly encroached on the Cherokee
way of life, some sort of retaliation was needed. As history
at the time would show, battling the mysterious newcomers
resulted in bigger weapons and more force used by the
opposition, and attempting to outsmart the enemy just resulted
in unfair retaliation. It was clear the white man was always
going to win when confronted directly. This sparked an idea
that would attempt to enforce the Cherokee lifestyle. This
solution came in the form of a newspaper: the Cherokee Phoenix.
This simple newspaper, published in both Cherokee and English,
was created to be a symbol of the revitalization of the
coveted traditional lifestyle of the Cherokee. The phoenix
represented the death and anticipated rebirth of the Cherokee.
Above all, it was one of the first major physical symbols that
unified the Cherokee, previously something Indians tended to
stay away from. In addition to anticipated benefits, the Cherokee Phoenix effectively
served as a means of trustworthy communication from the
Cherokee state, and the small, dispersed bands.
Primary
Sources
1. Boudinot, Elias.
Prospectus for Publishing at New Echota, in the Cherokee
Nation, a Weekly Newspaper, to be Called the Cherokee
Phoenix. Prospectus, New Echota: Houghton Mifflin
Company , 1827.
1. Boudinot, Elias. Prospectus for Publishing at New Echota, in the Cherokee Nation, a Weekly Newspaper, to be Called the Cherokee Phoenix. Prospectus, New Echota: Houghton Mifflin Company , 1827.
This report sent to many newspapers all over America and
distributed Indians outline the basic objectives of the
Cherokee Phoenix. ItÕs basic ideas are the
backbone of the attempt to unite the Cherokee people.
This report sent to many newspapers all over America and distributed Indians outline the basic objectives of the Cherokee Phoenix. ItÕs basic ideas are the backbone of the attempt to unite the Cherokee people.
2. Cherokee Phoenix Staff.
Study: Trials of Cherokee Reflected in Skulls . Cherokee
Phoenix. April 22, 2014.
2. Cherokee Phoenix Staff. Study: Trials of Cherokee Reflected in Skulls . Cherokee Phoenix. April 22, 2014.
This is an article published by the Cherokee Phoenix
very recently. Dispite having no information about how
the newspaper operated in the 1800s, this source can be
used simply to show what the Cherokee Phoenix is like
today. The newspaper was discontinued before the 18th
century, but was reestablished. It doesnÕt bring
very much factual information, but creates interest in
the reader by showing the connection between the lives
we live today and the lives of Cherokees.
This is an article published by the Cherokee Phoenix very recently. Dispite having no information about how the newspaper operated in the 1800s, this source can be used simply to show what the Cherokee Phoenix is like today. The newspaper was discontinued before the 18th century, but was reestablished. It doesnÕt bring very much factual information, but creates interest in the reader by showing the connection between the lives we live today and the lives of Cherokees.
3. Worcester, Samuel.
"Invention of the Cherokee Alphebet." Cherokee Phoenix,
August 13, 1828
3. Worcester, Samuel. "Invention of the Cherokee Alphebet." Cherokee Phoenix, August 13, 1828
This article published in the Cherokee Phoenix
originally in 1828 praises Sequoyah for his efforts to
create the written Cherokee language. And chronicles how
he developed it and spread it, and highlights how this
made newspaper is possible.
This article published in the Cherokee Phoenix originally in 1828 praises Sequoyah for his efforts to create the written Cherokee language. And chronicles how he developed it and spread it, and highlights how this made newspaper is possible.
Secondary
Sources
1. Boyd, George Adams. Elias
Boudinot: Patriot and Statesman. Biographical directory
of the United States Congress. 1969.
1. Boyd, George Adams. Elias Boudinot: Patriot and Statesman. Biographical directory of the United States Congress. 1969.
This very brief biography of
Elias Boudinot appears to be very objective and concise,
even to the point where sentences arenÕt even
used. The information however comes straight from the US
government. While the government can be considered
credible, a hint of doubt must be recognized when
addressing this biography. History shows that
itÕs very possible for governments to lie,
especially when it comes to questionable choices they
have made in the past. These basic facts of who Elias
Boudinot was supply a strong base for more research.
This very brief biography of Elias Boudinot appears to be very objective and concise, even to the point where sentences arenÕt even used. The information however comes straight from the US government. While the government can be considered credible, a hint of doubt must be recognized when addressing this biography. History shows that itÕs very possible for governments to lie, especially when it comes to questionable choices they have made in the past. These basic facts of who Elias Boudinot was supply a strong base for more research.
2. Independence Hall
Association. The Trail of Tears — The Indian Removals.
Independence Hall Association. 2008-2014.
2. Independence Hall Association. The Trail of Tears — The Indian Removals. Independence Hall Association. 2008-2014.
This briefly covers many of
the reasons for US oppression of Indians. In addition it
brings up many of the reasons Indians had to fight the
oppression.
This briefly covers many of the reasons for US oppression of Indians. In addition it brings up many of the reasons Indians had to fight the oppression.
3. Langguth, A. J. Driven
West: Andrew Jackson and the Trail of Tears to the Civil
War. New York, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010.
3. Langguth, A. J. Driven West: Andrew Jackson and the Trail of Tears to the Civil War. New York, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010.
This book, which revolves around the atrocities
committed by the United States during the Trail of
Tears, gives very specific infromaton about distribution
of the Cherokee Phoenix. The detailed information
provides neuances in the everyday life of people from
the time, which can be utilized to make assumptions
about the true ideas of a regular person caught in this
time in history.
This book, which revolves around the atrocities committed by the United States during the Trail of Tears, gives very specific infromaton about distribution of the Cherokee Phoenix. The detailed information provides neuances in the everyday life of people from the time, which can be utilized to make assumptions about the true ideas of a regular person caught in this time in history.
4. Pate, James P. Cherokee
Phoenix. Oklahoma Historical Society. 2007..
4. Pate, James P. Cherokee Phoenix. Oklahoma Historical Society. 2007..
This encyclopedia depicts the
newspaper in a very general manner. Much like Wikipedia,
yet more reliable as the University of Oklahoma
indirectly monitors it, this source gives many jumping
off points. With a general description of what the
newspaper is all about, this is where my research began.
The many examples of important court cases and events
provides a huge selection of potential points to be made
in the paper.
This encyclopedia depicts the newspaper in a very general manner. Much like Wikipedia, yet more reliable as the University of Oklahoma indirectly monitors it, this source gives many jumping off points. With a general description of what the newspaper is all about, this is where my research began. The many examples of important court cases and events provides a huge selection of potential points to be made in the paper.
Pulley, Angela F. Cherokee
Phoenix. Georgia Humanities Council and University of
Georgia. 2004-2014.
Pulley, Angela F. Cherokee Phoenix. Georgia Humanities Council and University of Georgia. 2004-2014.
This simple yet comprehensive review of the creation and
destruction of the newspaper provides concise
information about the reasons for creation. In addition
to reasons, mechanisms that were used are highlighted,
and connected directly to the motivation behind starting
the newspaper.
This simple yet comprehensive review of the creation and destruction of the newspaper provides concise information about the reasons for creation. In addition to reasons, mechanisms that were used are highlighted, and connected directly to the motivation behind starting the newspaper.
US Department of the Interior.
History and Culture. US Department of the Interior.
April 13, 2014.
US Department of the Interior. History and Culture. US Department of the Interior. April 13, 2014.
This indirect report of the Cherokee Phoenix by the US
government does a good job of explaining some of the
weakness of the Cherokee nation that the newspaper
attempted to fix. It makes it obvious that things the
newspaper aimed to fix were in fact improved.
This indirect report of the Cherokee Phoenix by the US government does a good job of explaining some of the weakness of the Cherokee nation that the newspaper attempted to fix. It makes it obvious that things the newspaper aimed to fix were in fact improved.
Wilford, John Noble. Science.
The New York Times Company. June 22, 2009.
Wilford, John Noble. Science. The New York Times Company. June 22, 2009.
This article speaks in depth
about the creation of the written Cherokee language.
ItÕs shows SequoyahÕs efforts and
opposition to creating a written language.
This article speaks in depth about the creation of the written Cherokee language. ItÕs shows SequoyahÕs efforts and opposition to creating a written language.