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Phylum Sphenophyta -- sphenophytes or horsetails Sphenophyta comprises a single extant genus, Equisetum. In central Texas, Equisetum is generally found in soil that is frequently wet. (Austin's Lou Nef Point on Town Lake supports a large population.) Stems of Equisetum contain deposits of silicon dioxide (glass) which render them unpalatable and strong. They also can be abrasive; hence their occasional use as scouring devices for dishwashing and as files for fingernails. Equisetum spores have curious arm-like structures called elaters, which twist and turn in response to humidity changes. These elaters are thought to help effect spore dispersal. Genus Equisetum

Equisetum hyemale L. - Scouring Rush

Equisetum arvense L. - Field Horsetail

Equisetum node, 10x

Equisetum node, 20x

Equisetum strobilus, l.s., 10x

Equisetum strobilus, c.s., 20x

Equisetum strobilus, c.s., 10x

Equisetum gametophyte, w.m., 20x

Equisetum gametophytes are either male or bisexual.

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