Chapter 18 Click on the correct answers, then click on "Send".

1 Jimmy Carter's defense policy included Carter wanted to curb the spread of nuclear weapons, prevent the loss of US lives, pursue détente with the USSR, reduce defense spending & use human rights as the basis of diplomacy. Carter's policy ended up in failure with vacillation & moralistic amateurism. Carter purged covert operations groups& special forces which left only the conventional forces to deal with terrorism. Defense spending declined in real terms & further reduced operational & maintenance spending. All of the answers are correct. 2 Jimmy Carter's initial assumptions included Regional accommodation, human rights advocacy, & military restraint would improve US relations with the developing world. Carter negotiated a treaty of give up the Panama Canal in 2000, let the Communists topple the Samoza regime in Nicaragua, sanctioned the Argentina & Brazil military regimes, ended a 30 year alliance with Taiwan, & wanted to withdraw some US forces from South Korea. All of the above are correct. 3 In the Middle East, Carter did all of the following EXCEPT Carter negotiated the Camp David agreement between Israel & Egypt. US troops policed the Sinai peninsula. Carter sent massive military & economic aid to both Israel & Egypt. Carter achieved lasting peace in the Middle East. 4 The Iranian Hostage Crisis included Militants seized the US embassy in Tehran & held hostages for 333 days throughout the rest of Carter's term. A failed rescue attempt showed the military weakness of the US & the results of the Carter defense policy. Carter was decisively defeated by Ronald Reagan in 1980. Reagan brought home the hostages. All of the answers are correct. 5 Ronald Reagan's defense policy included Reagan felt the world respected military force & the US people wanted an assertive foreign policy. The defense policy was based on preparedness for a sustained nuclear or non-nuclear war with the USSR & its allies. The US must be able to respond to the USSR threat especially with air & sea power. Regean supported the freedom fighters in Nicaragua & Afghanistan. All of the answers are correct. 6 Reagan's defense budgets included Congress supported Reagan's expanded defense budgets. Reagan increased the defense budget 56% over Carter's. The money went into force modernization, improved readiness through maintenance & training, & increased military pay. Military strength & the will to use it proved crucial elements in global & regional efforts to stop USSR expansion. All of the answers are correct. 7 Ronald Reagan in world affairs Reagan supported the Contras against the Sandinistas & put down the insurgency in El Salvador. The USMC went into Lebanon for peace keeping & the US sent aid in the Iran-Iraq war. The US shot down two Libyan planes over the Gulf of Sidra. The US sent forces to Grenada when Cuban advisors threatened the island. All of the answers are correct. 8 In Reagan's last two years in office There was a decline in defense spending due to a rising national debt. There was some waste & fraud & in 1986 the Republicans lost control of the US Senate. The Iran-Contra affair led to scandal. Real defense spending fell 10%. All of the answers are correct. 9 George Bush's defense policy included The end of the Cold War occurred when the Baltic nations, Poland, East Germany, Hungary, Romania, & Czechoslovakia all got rid of Communism. The USSR dissolved & ended Communist control of the USSR. There was still chaos in Lebanon, a popular revolt in China, & problems in El Salvador & Nicaragua. Panama's dictator Noriega was captured & jailed. All of the answers are correct. 10 In the Kuwaiti War Iraq's Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait which put Saudi Arabia at risk & the US put together an international coalition to stop it. Desert Shield saw US troops in the way of an Iraqi attack on Saudi Arabia. Desert Storm saw airpower overwhelm Iraq's air defense system, VII Corps flank the Iraqi's with USMC providing an amphibious threat to keep the Iraqi's pinned. The Iraqi's lost 2/3-3/4 of all ground, air, & naval forces & 10,000 men & it showed US forces could fight & win a conventional war & US put ghost of Vietnam behind them. All of the answers are correct.

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