Overview: The growing industrial revolution of the late 19th century stretched the social fabric of this country to the breaking point, but, beginning first with rural reform, farmers attempted to control the railroads and adapt to capitalist farming. They were joined by industrial workers who, like the farmers, however, did not meet with immediate success. Nonetheless, by the 1890s, a new spirit of realism allied to new developments in religious thought encouraged all Americans first to confront the problems of the industrial revolution's exploitation, and then to reform them. Populism, the highest example of rural reform, failed in 1896, but progressivism had been born.
1. Show how the railroads advanced the Industrial Revolution.
2. Give examples of favorable government policy that allowed industrialization to proceed.
3. Show how inventions affected the American Industrial Revolution.
4. Describe the role of capital as it fueled the American industrial revolution.
5. Describe the early problems in American industrialization and what steps were taken to address them.
6. Recount the influence of industrialization on American political life, society, and American foreign policy.
7. Characterize the “new immigration” and identify factors that stimulated it.
8. Show the impact of “new immigration” on Europe.
9. Show the impact of “new immigration” on the United States.
10. Identify the main ideas and programs of the rural reform movement.
11. Describe the economic realities facing the late nineteenth century farmers.
12. Give examples of railroad abuses to which the farmers objected.
13. Explain how and why the rural reformers attempted to control the railroads.
14. Give examples of farmers' attempts to adapt to capitalist farming.
15. Describe the economic realities facing the industrial workers in the late19th century.
16. Describe the Knights of Labor in terms of goals, organization, membership and attitude towards striking.
17. Describe what happened at the Haymarket Riot in 1886 and what resulted from it.
18. Describe the American Federation of Labor (AFL)in terms of its goals, organization, membership and attitude towards striking.
19. Describe what happened at the Pullman Strike and what resulted from it.
20. Show how the art and architecture of the gilded age reflected its realism and adapted to the industrial revolution.
21. Describe Jane Addams’ work in the settlement house movement and describe how she viewed such problems as heavy drinking, gambling, long working hours, etc.
22. Describe the main ideas of the Social Gospel and explain how these ideas helped the reform impulse.
23. Describe the relationship between the Social Gospel and socialism and between the Social Gospel and the labor unions.
24. Explain how and why women entered the professions and what resulted.
25. Show how the science of home economics devalued the female craft tradition.
26. Discuss work trends among women of the period.
27. Show how and why women ended up with “more work for Mother.”
28. Discuss the relationship between the progressives and women’s issues.
29. Describe the formation of the People's party (populists).
30. Describe the major planks of the 1892 Omaha platform of the populists.
31. Tell how Bryan captured the Democratic nomination in 1896 and how the populists reacted.
32. Explain the failure of populism to win the national election in 1896.
From Ranching in the late 19th century
33. Show the stages by which cattle reached eastern markets as beef.
34. Characterize the cowboy and his life.
From Chicago Style
35. Identify the main styles of pre-Civil War America.
36. Describe the Chicago School of architecture and give examples.
From Building the Subways
37. Describe the early attempts to use ghost acreage to transport people.
38. Show how subways were built and what other methods were used to transport people.
39. Identify the problems mass transit faces today.
Information to answer these objectives will be found in class lectures and in the online textbook.
Second Industrial revolution
I. Definition
II. Influencing factors
A. abundance
B. railroads
C. favorable government
policy
D. invention
1. corporation
E. capital
1. agriculture
2. trade
3. Britain
4. Germany
III. Early problems
A. interchangeability
B. upkeepo
C. changes in the home
IV. Impact of industrial revolution
A. knits country together
B. cities
C. movement from South to
North
D. myth of classless society
E. politics
F. foreign policy
G. Women
1. unions
2. socialists
3. hierarchy
4. black/white
I. Why “new”
A. Why
B. ship improvements
C. steamship agents
D. families
E. which cities
F. “birds of passage”
II. Impact of immigration abroad
A. time in US
B. money into European
Economy
C. rural areas
D. new crops
E. farm implements
F. intensity of work
III. Impact on US
A. factory vs. agriculture
B. labor unions
C. simple tasks
D. assimilation-women
E. returning immigrants
F. Effect of WW I
G. replacements
IV American success myth
A. role of work
Rural reform
I. Introduction
II. Rural reform principles
A. agrarian myth
B. state government action
C. direct democracy
D. trust busting
E. low tariff
III. Economic realities
A. labor saving machinery
And land
B. debt
C. farm prices fall
D. deflated currency
E. weather
F. specialty crops
G. prestige
IV. Attempts to control the railroads
A. railroad abuses
B. Granger cases
1. Munn vs. Illinois
1876
2. Wabash case 1886
3. ICC (Interstate
Commerce
Commission) 1887
V. Adapt to capitalist farming
American Labor movement
I. Introduction
A. economic realities
II. Knights of Labor
A. grand alliance
B. skilled and unskilled
C. class consciousness
D. reform
E. avoid strikes
F. Haymarket riot 1886
1. Chicago
2. bomb
III. American Federation of Labor (AFL)
A. organized by craft
B. goals
C. Sam Gompers
D. one strike at a time
E. Pullman strike 1894
1. Debs and socialism
2. injunction
3. Cleveland
IV. Rejection of AFL
A. IWW
B. machine gun-Ludlow
C. increasing violence ( L.A.
Times bombing)
Realism in the Gilded Age
I Introduction
II Art and Architecture
A. skyscraper
B. Eakins
C. Camera
1. Riis- How the Other
Half Lives
III Settlement Houses
A. long working hours and drinking
B. personal failure vs. environment
C. petty vices
D. bias
IV. Social Gospel
A. not otherworldly
B. collectivity
C. historical Jesus
D. common sense
E. relation with socialism and labor unions
Women at the Turn of the Century
I. Women in the work force
A. married women
B. poor women
C. Competition
II. Professionals
A. Gibson Girl
B. percentages
C. morality
D. Feminization
E. home economics
1. hard sciences
2. amateurs
3. deskilling
III. Work trends
A. times
B. values
C. different concerns
D. daughters
E. protective legislation
F. Socialists
G. right to work
IV. More work for mother
A. Life not easier
B. specialization
C. standards
D. laws on women’s labor
V. Progressives and Women
A. middle class values
B. Americanization
C. special protection for
women
VI. Conclusion
Populism
I. Introduction
II. Formation of Populist party
A. demands ignored
B. success
C. farm party
D. colorful leaders
E. Biblical
III. Omaha Platform 1892
A. free coinage of silver
B. public ownership of
railroads and
telegraph
C. direct democracy
D. popular election of
Senators
E. restrict immigration
F. income tax
G. restrict hours
IV. Election of 1896
A. McKinley
B. W.J. Bryan
D. Bryan loses
1. wheat prices
2. obsession with silver
3. urban workers
4. jobs threatened
5. wealthy farmers
HIST 1302 Unit II: Development of Progressivism in Domestic and Foreign Policy
Overview: The torch of reform passed to the urban reformers. Known as Progressivism, new principles inspired the career of Theodore Roosevelt, but liberal Republicans like Roosevelt were ignored by his successor, Taft, and in the crucial election of 1912, bolted the Republican party to return (if they ever did) as a discredited minority. The Progressive impulse passed to the Democrats under Wilson who won in 1912. However, this reform took place against a background of increasing violence towards blacks who nonetheless developed their own social consciousness which peaked in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920's. The flowering of American jazz as represented by Armstrong and Ellington is merely one example of this outpouring of black creative talent.
In the realm of Progressive foreign policy, the United States was recognized as a world power only with her decisive defeat of Spain in 1898 and her acquisition of an empire. To deal with this growing international role, Americans developed three forms of foreign policy that they practiced mostly in Latin America and the Far East. When Europe exploded in World War I, however, Americans turned their attention to this theater. Wilson tried to remain neutral, but, as the president steadily increased the definition of neutrality, the Germans discovered they could no longer abide by his rules, and in 1917, began unrestricted submarine warfare which eventually caused the United Sates to enter the conflict. Wilson refused to recognize that the national security of this country and Europe were imperiled by Germany; instead, he developed a peace program, the 14 points, which grew out of the American experience but which the Europeans regarded as unworkable. The Treaty of Versailles that resulted was, therefore, a flawed peace, and even with revisions proposed by Lodge, the Treaty could not pass the American Senate.
1. Describe the main beliefs of the urban reformers and distinguish them from the beliefs of the rural reformers.
2. Characterize Progressivism.
3. Explain what happened in the Northern Securities Case and its significance.
4. Describe Roosevelt’s policies of conservation.
5. Discuss the Anthracite coal strike, what resulted, and what new principles were established.
6. Evaluate the achievements of the Roosevelt presidency.
7. Tell what three things led to a break between the progressive wing of the Republican party and President Taft.
8. Explain what happened in both the Democratic and Republican parties in the election of 1912, and assess its long term importance.
9. Describe Roosevelt’s New Nationalism.
10. Explain what led Wilson to enact the Underwood tariff, show how the tariff was innovative, and show why it did not function as planned.
11. Explain the provisions of the Clayton Anti-Trust Act.
12. Describe why the Federal Reserve Act was needed and how it functioned.
13. Contrast Booker T. Washington’s and W.E.B. DuBois’ views on how to aid blacks in America.
14. Distinguish the music of Louis Armstrong from that of Duke Ellington and describe how both were part of the Harlem Renaissance.
15. Distinguish blues from the spirituals.
16. Identify the factors that created a new role for the United States in foreign affairs.
17. Explain why Americans quickly gave up the status of formal colony holder (imperialism).
18. Explain how the War of 1898 caused Europeans powers to reevaluate the United States.
19. Tell why Britain increasingly sought American friendship and what obstacles she faced.
20. Characterize Roosevelt’s view of the American role in foreign affairs.
21. Explain how and why dollar diplomacy came into being and assess its success.
22. Explain what missionary diplomacy is and assess its success.
23. Explain how and why Roosevelt acted in the Panama Canal episode.
24. Identify the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, tell when it arose, and what problems were associated with it.
25. Describe what happened in Taft’s intervention into Nicaragua and what resulted from it.
26. Explain how Wilson acted towards Mexico, why and with what results.
27. Describe the two parts of the Open Door policy and be able to explain why it was dangerous.
28. Describe how and why Roosevelt limited Hays' Open Door policy.
29. Identify the three main reasons for American entry into World War I.
30. Show why the United States found itself sympathetic to the allies and hostile to Germany.
31. Show how and to what extent Germany threatened American security.
32. Explain the “Merchants of death” theory and show why it is inaccurate.
33. Explain why Britain borrowed more than Germany.
34. Explain why Germany was willing to risk war with the United States.
35. Explain how and why Wilson went to war in April, 1917.
36. Tell what were the three main positions on the treaty of Versailles and explain each.
37. Tell what the most important of the 14 points were.
38. Tell what the Europeans thought of these 14 points.
39. Describe how Wilson was in a weakened position when he arrived to write the treaty.
40. Explain Lodge’s objections to the treaty and especially to Article X.
From The Ash Can School of Painting
41. Identify what makes the Ash Can School of painting new.
From the Model T and the Moving Production Line
42. Show how Armour changed the meat packing industry.
43. Show how Ford changed American automobile production.
From Background to World War I
44. Show why Britain saw Germany as a threat and how she reacted.
45. Describe how the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand helped cause World War I.
46. Describe the von Schlieffen Plan and how it was utilized
Information you will need to complete the objectives will be found in class lectures and in the online textbook.
HIST 1302 Unit II: Development of Progressivism in Domestic and Foreign Policy outlines
Urban Reform Tradition
I. Urban reform principles
A. strong federal government
tradition
B. better people
C. concentration natural
D. scientific tariff
E. experts
II. Progressivism
A. Middle class movement in
time of prosperity
B. suffering
C. Native American
D. Progress
E. environment source of evil
F. corruption
III. T. Roosevelt
A. Northern Securities Case
1904
1. Sherman Anti-Trust
Act 1890
2. Knight Case 1895
3. prestige of president
4. 1904 campaign
B. Conservation
1. National Reclamation
Act
2. Mexican population
3. dam
4. land policy
a. DD Muir
b. Class and race
C. Anthracite Coal strike
1902
1. miners
2. price of coal
3. president will
intervene
4. management and
federal aid
5. no recognition of union
IV. Taft
A. Payne-Aldrich tariff
B. Ballinger-Pinchot affair
C. Joe Cannon
Election of 1912 and Wilson
I. Election
A. history
B. Taft/ LaFollette/ Roosevelt
C. bitterness
D. Bryan/ Wilson
E. Wilson wins
II. New Nationalism vs. New Freedom
III. Wilson
A. Underwood tariff
1. campaign
2. caucus system
3. senate investigation
4. income tax
5. ad valorum rates
B. Clayton Anti-Trust Act
1914
1. officers of
corporations
2. magna carta of labor
3. interlocking
directorates.
C. Federal Reserve Act 1913
1. flexible currency
2. controls credit.
3. Congress and President
4. fiscal agent
D. role of war
Black Consciousness
I. Segregation in the South
A. redeemers
II. Revolt of the Rednecks
A. institutionalization
B. Voting/Populists
C. racial violence
D. Plessy vs. Ferguson
III. Booker T. Washington
A. Tuskeegee
IV. W.E.B. DuBois
A. Talented Tenth
B. NAACP
C. Urban League
D. Economic conditions
V. Marcus Garvey
American Jazz
I. Introduction
II. Blues
A. secular
B. individual
C. human voice
D. protest
III. Brass Bands
A. New Orleans
B. dance music and rhythm
c. Social experience
d. funerals
IV. Louis Armstrong
A. syncopated beat
B. trumpet
V. Duke Ellington
A. organization and unity
B. Harlem renaissance
1. segregation
C. orchestration-piano
Rise to World Power
I. Introduction
II. Influencing factors
A. change in export trade
B. businessmen
C. desire for adventure
D. racism
E. prestige and recognition
III. War with Spain1898
A. become imperialist power
1. Puerto Rico and Cuba
protectorates
2. Hawaii and
Philippines colonies
3. Debate on Philippines
in 1900 election
B. tires of formal
imperialism
1. racism
2. unwilling native
populations-Aguinaldo
3. principles
4. economic might
5. free Philippines
C. impresses Europe
1. third largest navy
2. potential strength
3. defeated Spain
4. imperialist club
IV. Role of Britain
A. courts American opinion
1. same language
2. War of 1898
3. investments
4. powerful Germany
Presidents Approach Foreign Policy
I. T. Roosevelt-. Roosevelt's view
A. U.S. had arrived
B. created order
C. junk of history
D. Europe and Britain
E. active in Latin American
and Far East
II. Taft
A. Dollar Diplomacy
1. political order by
economic means
2. put countries in debt
to U.S.
3. troops
III. Wilson
A. Wilson's view
1. mission
2. not covering up
3. help his way
4. superior morally
B. missionary diplomacy
1. American national self
interest
2. force American
culture
3. trappings of
democracy
4. no compromise
5. conflicting self
Interests
IV. Latin America
A. U.S. determined to
dominate
B. Roosevelt
1. Panama canal-
foments revolution
a. Hay-Pauncefote
treaty 1901/
Clayton Bulwar
Treaty 1850
b. canal diplomacy
2. Dominican
Republica
a. collect debts
b. economic
advisors
c. leads to
Roosevelt
Corollary-
preventative
intervention
C. Taft
1. Nicaragua
a. alter debt
b. save government
to which loaned
money
c. not high profits
d. control a
country's
economy
D. Wilson
1. Mexico
a. Diaz/Madero/
Huerta
b. recognition
c. Britain
d. Germany/ Vera
Cruz
e. ABC powers
f. Carranza
g. invasion
h. no room for
compromise
V. Far East
A. Roosevelt
1. Open Door 1899-
1900
a. first set-
principle of
economic equality
in China and
spheres of
influence
b. second set after
Boxer rebellion-
stand behind
the territorial and
political integrity
of China
c. Roosevelt limits
Open Door
d. mediates Russo-
Japanese War
B. Taft
C. Wilson
Entry into World War I
I. Background
II American reaction
A. neutrality too largely
defined
B. right side for wrong
reasons
III. Basic sympathy with allies
IV. Threat to American security
V. Economic trap
A. Merchants of Death
1. merchants and
neutrality
2. farmers
3. farm income
4. Nye committee
B. loans-Allies borrow more
1. German navy
2. collateral
3. stockpiles
4. national security
VI. Submarines
A. passenger ships of
neutrals
B. belligerent passenger
ships-Lusitania
C. unarmed merchant men
D. unrestricted sub warfare
E. Germany risks war
1. army
2. ships
3. equipment
F. Difference between Britain
and Germany
VII. Entry
A. Wilson tries mediation
B. Russian revolution
C. war decision not
unanimous
D. disillusionment
Treaty of Versailles
I. Statement of foreign policy
A. isolationism/ LaFollette
and Borah/
irreconciliables
B. nationalism/
Lodge/reservationists
C. collective security/
Wilson/ the treaty
II. Background to treaty
A. 14 points
1. open covenants
2. freedom of seas
3. no trade barriers
4. popular determinism
5. reduction of arms
6. League
B. Wilson weakened
1. election of 1918
2. no Senate Republicans
3. not needed
4. United States
disinterested victor
5. repudiated
C. critique of 14 points
D. treaty harsh on Germany
III. Failure to ratify
A. debate over Article X
1. how does U.S. enter
League sanctioned
war-allies
2. Congress
3. veto
4. artificial countries
B. collapse
C. votes against his treaty
D. role of League
HIST 1302 Unit III: Depression, the New Deal, and War
Overview: The 1920s was an age of transition in which the country went from being predominantly rural to mostly urban. This fact sparked a rural attack upon the city which nonetheless developed a new urban culture. This took place against the background of an economic boom, but this boom was deeply flawed, and when it began to level off in 1927, profits were pumped into the stock market which became bloated. When the inevitable rectification of the market occurred in the Crash of 1929, a severe credit contraction was produced which eventually became the Great Depression. This Depression shook the foundations of American optimism and faith in law, producing demagogues from the political right, but while much of Europe succumbed to this right wing pressure, the United States instead elected FDR. His first New Deal's relief programs put a floor under the depression to keep it from getting worse, but the recovery programs failed to cure it. Moreover, between 1937 and 38, the powerful New Deal coalition collapsed as war loomed in Europe. World War II finally cured the Depression as full employment was achieved, but at a horrendous cost in life and treasure.
Attempting to deal with her new role as world leader, the United States in the 1920s pursued a foreign policy that decreased our ability to defend ourselves while antagonizing future opponents. As the Depression worsened, disillusioned Americans tried to write legislation which would keep us out of all foreign wars, but this neutrality legislation failed to work, especially as Americans came to see just how much of a threat Hitler's Germany was. As a result, when war broke out in 1939, Americans aided Britain short of war, and eventually entered World War II after the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. We prosecuted this war in an uneasy coalition that included Britain and the Soviet Union. Decisions made during the war strained this "marriage of convenience" to the breaking point, and when the alliance dissolved in 1945, the former allies slid into the Cold War.
1. Give examples of the rural attack upon the city.
2. Give examples of the new urban culture that developed during the 1920s.
3. Explain how the Great War helped fuel the boom of the twenties.
4. Characterize the boom of the 1920s.
5. Show how the automobile industry in the 1920s affected the American economy and society.
6. Recognize major economic problems that lurked beneath the surface of the boom.
7. Account for the failure of the recovery program advanced by Hoover.
8. Show how the New Deal was the same as or different from Progressivism.
9. Describe Al Smith's role in Democratic party politics of the 1920s.
10. Describe Roosevelt's New Deal coalition and account for its appearance.
11. Describe Franklin Roosevelt's approach to the depression.
12. Identify programs designed to provide relief and evaluate their success.
13. Identify programs designed to produce recovery from the depression and evaluate their success.
14. Show how the New Deal affected farmers.
15. Show how businessmen benefited from the New Deal.
16. Show how the New Deal affected minorities.
17. Show how the New Deal affected women.
18. Tell why Roosevelt moved to the left in the second New Deal (1935) and give examples of this change.
19. Tell what things led to the political death of the New Deal.
20. Describe the major criticisms of the New Deal.
21. Explain why the United States and our allies invaded Russia in 1918, and what resulted.
22. Explain what agreements the Washington Armaments conference produced.
23. Explain the difference between a discretionary and an impartial embargo and explain which one was in the Neutrality act.
24. Show how the Neutrality Act of 1935 incorporated the "lessons" of American entry into WW I.
25. Describe Roosevelt's selective use of the Neutrality Act.
26. Identify examples of American efforts to aid Britain short of war.
27. Explain why Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
28. Explain what coalition diplomacy was in World War II and evaluate its success.
29. Explain how British views differed from those of the United States in World War II strategy.
30. Identify Stalin's objections to the strategy of the western allies.
31. Discuss the results of the Yalta conference, and explain why the United States agreed to its
provisions.
32. Explain the decision to drop the atomic bomb.
33. Describe the rules of the Cold War confrontation.
34. Tell what the Truman Doctrine was, what it was designed to do, and how it misconstrued the ideas on containment as set forth by Kennan.
35. Explain what the Marshall Plan was, how it was offered, and how it passed Congress.
36. Discuss the debate about the nature of the Cold War.
From The Homefront in World War II.
37. Show how the American economy changed to prosecute WW II.
38. Give examples of government efforts to involve the civilian population in the war effort.
39. Give examples of how the American society changed in WW II.
From American art in the 1920s and 1930s
40. show how the art movement known as Abstraction changed American art.
41. Give examples of the new social realism painting of the 1930s.
42. Give examples of Abstract Impressionism and how it reflected postwar feat and despair.
From the Russian Revolution and its Aftermath
43. Show how Lenin introduced orthodox Communist views in Russia and what resulted.
44. Distinguish between Lenin and Stalin.
45. Show why collectivization of agriculture began and what it produced.
Information you will need to complete the objectives will be found in class lectures and in the online textbook.
HIST 1302 Unit III: Depression, the New Deal, and War Lecture notes
1920s Age of Transition
I. Contrast and Paradox
II Age of Transition rural to urban
country
A. politics-older progressive
to urban liberal.
B. ideas-optimism to
disillusionment
C. foreign policy-moral
crusade to limited self-
interest
III Social trends
A. rise of city
B. rural attack on city
1. immigration laws
2. Prohibition
3. Scopes trial
4. KKK
C. New urban culture
1. art and music-Harlem
Renaissance
2. confusion in sex roles
3. spectator sports
4. new freedom for
women
5. experimentation in
new governmental
forms- Great Red
Scare
1920's Boom and Bust
I Economy
II Role of World War I
A. trade associations
B. anti-trust laws relaxed
C. huge profits
D. short depression followed
by boom
III Boom
A. Characteristics
1. local and state
government spending
2. relative price stability
3. farmers
4. not free market
5. profits to plant
6. moving assembly lines
B. Growth of new industries
1. autos-oligopoly
a. affected other areas
of economy
b. advertising
c. crime wave
d. killed people
2. electrical industries-
holding companies
a. new consumer
goods
3. mass entertainment
C. Changes in economy
1. changes in consumer
tastes
2. installment buying
3. increasing
concentration
4. advertising
IV Bust
A. problems
1. sick industries
2. consumers don't spend
enough
3. rigid price structure
4. saturation
5. bank failures
B. Crash
C. failure of Hoover's
recovery program
1. reacts slowly
2. Treasury can't borrow
3. local and state
governments
4. voluntarism
5. relies on good faith of
American business
6. wages
7. RFC
V Evaluation
New Deal
I Introduction
II Relation to earlier reform
A. time
B. constituency
C. moralism
D. tone
E. not-even handed
III Political New Deal
A. Al Smith and 1928-urban
vote
B. Roosevelt's new coalition
1. labor, blacks,
immigrant vote-those
new to power
2. political machines of
big cities
3. progressive
Republicans
4. Conservative
Southerners
C. 1936 election
IV New Deal as Economic program
A. Roosevelt's approach to
depression
1. willing to try anything
2. no particular ideology
3. respect Congressional
power
4. pragmatic
B. Relief-greatest shining
success
1. CCC
2. PWA
3. WPA
C. Recovery
1. 1933-4 Planned
scarcity
a. NRA-trade
association
movement
NRA section 7a
labor unions
b. first AAA
2. 1935 Second New Deal
a. AAA and NRA not
working
b. increasing
purchasing power-
Tugwell
c. balanced budget
d. deserted by
conservatives
e. crackpot schemes
D. Reform
1. farmers
a. overproduction
b. farm income
c. large farmers
d. soil erosion
e. revolt
2. business
a. banking crisis of
1933
b. FDIC
c. SEC
d. NRA
3. minority groups
a. change political
affiliation
b. blacks in office
c. civil rights bills
d. Mexican
Americans
4. Women
a. married women
b. Eleanor
c. stressful
d. WW II
e. entry-level
positions
IV Political death of New Deal
A. Supreme Court fight 1937
B. Recession 1937-8
C. purge of Democratic party
1938
D. role of war
V Criticism of the New Deal
A. cost too much
B. Bureaucracy
C. Roosevelt a dictator
D. humane form of capitalism
Foreign policy in the 1920s
I Invasion of Russia, Sept 1918-May 1919
A. Russia out of the war
B. Red Army
C. Differences between
Britain, France and
U.S.
D. Japan
E. Russia suspicious
F. Czech contingent
II Washington Conference 1021
A. arms race in ships
B. 5:5:3 ratio
C. implied inferiority of Japanese
D. scrap ships
E. Pacific islands
III Kellogg-Briand Pact
A. outlaw war
B. Background to World
War II
Entry into World War II
I Introduction
II Neutrality legislation
A. Nye committee/
Merchants of death
B. 1935 Neutrality act
1. discretionary
embargo
2. impartial embargo
3. use
4. travel on ships
5. embargo in force
on eve of WW II
6. cash carry
III Aid to Britain short of war
A. phony war
B. destroyer deal 1940
C. lend lease 1941
D. American navy to patrol
Half the Atlantic
E. Atlantic charter 1941
IV Hitler invades Russia
V Assessment
A. Pearl Harbor
Wartime diplomacy
I Introduction
A. Coalition diplomacy
1. alliances break up
2. war for political
gains
II British views
A. empire
B. balance of power on continent
C. second front
D. soft underbelly
E. Torch
III Relations with Soviet Union
A. second front
B. military supplies
C. harsher peace
D. more discussion of post-
war affairs
IV Moscow conference
V War
A. Battle of the bulge
B. Yalta
1. triumph of Russian diplomacy
2. traditional Russian
goals
3. Germany
4. United Nations
5. War on Japan
C. Hiroshima
Cold War
I. Introduction
II. Rules of the Cold War
A. outgrowth of WW II
B. Germany
C. nuclear weapons
D. proxy
III. Beginnings of Cold War
A. 1945/1947
B. Truman Doctrine March
1947
1. Mediterranean
2. Civil War in
Greece
3. free peoples
4. blank check
5. anti-communism
C. Marshall Plan
1. European economy
2. stable economy
3. Soviet Union
4. costly
5. Latin America
6. success
IV. Nature of the Cold War
A. ideology or power
struggle
B. Russian nationalism
C. Do communist parties
take orders from
Moscow
D. fear of invasion
E. NSC-68
HIST 1302 Unit IV: Cold War and Domestic Stalemate
Overview: The superpower conflict heated up in Korea, so much so that, following the death of Stalin in 1953, Eisenhower moved to unmilitarize the Cold War. The embarrassment of Sputnik and the election of John Kennedy, however, ushered in a dangerous period of instability that culminated in the Cuban Missile Crisis. So close did both powers come to World War III that an uneasy détente ensued.
The domestic stalemate that had begun with the collapse of the New Deal coalition continued after the war when neither Truman, Eisenhower, nor Kennedy could budge Congress significantly. Major reform consequently languished. Moreover, with the legislative process stalemated, McCarthy could launch his witch-hunts with impunity, while civil rights leaders were forced to use the court system, rather than Congress, for speedy redress of grievances. Johnson broke the legislative logjam, producing the Great Society programs, but the growing American involvement in Vietnam and the Great Society programs destroyed the New Deal coalition. Worse, a cumbersome Congress was increasingly ignored by Nixon, who chose to defy not only the legislative branch but the law itself in Watergate. That scandal dramatically changed the balance of power between the Congress and the executive branch.. The Reagan revolution changed the debate over the role of the federal government just as the Third Industrial Revolution created major changes in American society. Complicating matters was the arrival of the Third Industrial Revolution, the so-called information revolution, and the Fourth Great Awakening.
1. Discuss the debate about the nature of the Cold War.
2. Explain the concept of containment and give examples of its use.
3. Discuss NSC 68 and its implications
4. Discuss the "fall of China" in 1949.
5. Describe the American role in the Korean war.
6. Describe Eisenhower's foreign policy.
7. Explain what happened in the Suez Crisis of 1956 and what resulted from it.
8. Explain how Sputnik contributed to the American fear of a missile crisis and missile gap.
9. Describe the Cuban missile crisis and its results.
10. Describe the factors that made détente possible.
11. Describe the Nixon Doctrine.
12. Explain why the postwar political stalemate occurred.
13. Describe the Truman stalemate
14. Explain why the Fair Deal was not passed until much later than 1948.
15. Show how Eisenhower's presidency came about and how it reflected the political stalemate.
16. Characterize the Second Great Red Scare.
17. Explain the popularity of Senator Joe McCarthy.
18. Show the long-term effects of McCarthyism.
19. Describe developments in civil rights in the post World War II period, especially the role of the Supreme Court
20. Tell who Martin Luther King was, explain his philosophy of civil rights, and briefly describe his career.
21. Describe the development of the civil rights movement in the 1960s.
22. Describe the major developments in economic life during the fifties.
23. Show what developments made suburbs affordable for the middle class in the 1950s.
24. Identify the main Great Society Programs.
25. Show how the War on Poverty impacted American society and the New Deal coalition, and show why it failed.
26. Explain why the Geneva accords of 1954 were necessary and what the main provisions of these accords were.
27. Describe John Kennedy's approach to government and show how it affected his conduct in Vietnam.
28. Describe Johnson's rationale for "Americanizing" the war.
29. Tell the major criticisms of the war in Vietnam.
30. Explain why Nixon "Vietnamized" the war.
31. Describe Nixon’s social programs.32
32. Show how Watergate developed out of trends in American history and show how it is different from previous scandals.
33. Explain how and why the "cover-up" began in the Watergate scandals.
34. Tell why Nixon taped conversations in the White House, when these tapes were discovered, and explain the crucial role these tapes played in the Watergate scandals.
35. Tell what three articles of impeachment were approved by the House Judiciary Committee.
36. Describe the Reagan revolution and its effects.
37. Show how immigration changed in the Third Industrial Revolution.
38. Describe the economy of the Third Industrial Revolution.
39. Describe the social impact of the Third Industrial Revolution.
40. Describe the political impact of the Third Industrial Revolution.
41. Show how the Fourth Great Awakening is different from the third Great Awakening of the Progressives and Social Gospel.
42. Show how the Third Industrial Revolution impacted foreign affairs.
From The Middle East and the End of the Cold War
43. Explain the problems with human rights in the Middle East.
44. Explain the difference between realists and globalists on Israel.
45. Show why Saddam attacked Kuwait and what resulted.
Information you will need to complete these objectives will be found in class lectures and in the online textbook.
HIST 1302 Unit IV: Cold War and Domestic Stalemate Lecture notes
I. Containment
A. 1945 diplomatic
pressure-
Czechoslovakia
B. Definition
C. George Kennan
D. Truman Doctrine
E. Berlin Airlift
F. successes
G. NATO
H. NSC-68
I. Containment in Europe-
evaluation
side effects
II. Containment in Asia
A. Fall of China 1949
1. Mao and Chiang
2. Japanese
surrender
3. Chiang and
mandarin
class
4. inflation
5. Truman and Chiang
6. military blunders
7. Republican party
8. Japan
B. Korea
1. invasion route
2. Truman gets
support UN
3. Chinese warnings
4. negotiate while
fighting continues
5. end of war
III. Eisenhower
A. Foreign Policy
1. unmilitarizes
2. Dulles
3. protracted struggle
4. massive retaliation
5. conventional wars
6. Third World
7. negotiate from
strength
8. overthrow
governments
B. Hungary 1956
1. liability
2. Khrushchev speech
3. allegiance to Soviet Union
4. American aid
C. Suez 1956
1. Aswan dam
2. invasion
3. Britain out
4. replacement
5. Cold War
D. Sputnik
1. delivery systems
2. question of
targeting
3. reaction time
4. larger payload
5. Eisenhower
responds/missile
gap
6. Soviet problems
7. Kennedy
E. U-2 Affair 1960
1. History
2. reconnaissance
satellite
3. history of incident
IV. Kennedy
A. Cuban Missile Crisis
1962
1. Bay of Pigs 1961
2. Khrushchev
3. missile gap
4. China
5. Kennedy's delay
6. balance of power
B. Consequences
1. personal victory
2. Test Ban treaty
1963
3. language of force
4. military buildup
V. Détente
A. definition
B. Accidental
C Breshnev
D. Vietnam
E. problem
F. trade
G. Rivalry with China
1. leadership of
Communist world
2. military supplies
3. power struggle
4. preemptive strike
5. effect on Cold war
H. Nixon doctrine
1. Definition
2. risks
3. OPEC prices
4. new weapons
5. Iran
Years of Drift and Paradox
I. Introduction
A. American Dream
B. American Nightmare
II. Politics
A. Causes of Stalemate
1. natural rhythm
2. Domestic reform
coalition
3. affluence itself
4. disadvantaged groups
B. Truman stalemate
1. price and rent
controls
2. Taft-Hartley Act,
1947
3.. Election of 1948
4. Fair Deal
5. scandals
C. Eisenhower
1. Congress
2. Checkers
3. popular
4. leadership
D. John Kennedy
III. Second Red Scare
A. Alger Hiss
B. Loss of China
C. McCarthy's charges
D. Russian atomic bomb
E. jobs
IV. McCarthy
A. Truman
B. potential disloyalty
C. silence dissent
D. McCarthy's popularity
1. simple answers
2. domestic affairs
3. press
4. lies
5. working class
6. Senate
E. McCarthy finances
F. Army McCarthy
Hearings-censure
G. effects
V. Civil Rights
A. Role of Supreme Court
1. stalemate
2. Fair Deal
3. Brown vs. Board of
Education 1954
4. Enforcement
5. Little Rock
6. Border states
B. Martin Luther King
1. non-violence
2. Montgomery bus
boycott. 1955-6
3. SCLC
4. Birmingham, 1963
5. March on Washington
1963
6. Selma 1965
C. Development of civil
rights
1. de facto segregation
2. black militants
3. other dissatisfied
groups
4. jobs, riots
5. fragmentation
6. economic equality
7. Vietnam
VI. Economics
A. Federal government
B. pent up demand and
savings
C. international trade
D. baby boom
E. credit
F. concentration
VII. Rise of Suburbia
A. Made possible for middle
class
1. mass transportation
2. Federal Highway acts
3. balloon frame house
4. concrete slabs
5. mortgages
6. federal tax policy
I. Lyndon Johnson
A. Great Society 1963-65
1. Higher Education
Act
2. Civil Rights Act
1964
3. tax cut
4. Food stamp act
4. Voting Rights act
1965
5. Deficits
B. War on Poverty
1. LBJ's policies
2. problems
3. income shares
4. money
5. Destroyed FDR's
coalition
II. Vietnam
A. Effect on LBJ
B. Geneva accords
1. Dienbienphu
2. temporary division
3. elections
C. Diem
1. Thieu
D. Kennedy
government
a. can-do mentality
b. bright young
administrators
c. academic experts
d. rivalry between
state and defense
E. Johnson domestic affairs
1. Election of 1964
Resolution 1964
F. Americanizing the war,
1965
1. Rolling Thunder
2. equipment
3. war
4.allies
5. domino theory
6. Great Society
7. CIA
G. Criticisms
1. Civil war
2. dictator
3. US security
4. domestic programs
5. draft
6. military
7. SVN government
III. Election of 1968
A. Tet Offensive
B. Eugene McCarthy
IV. Vietnamization
A. why?
B. Cambodian incursion
1970
1. bombing
2. supplies
3. overrunning
4. Vietnamization
5. Congress
6. student strikes
V. Final Peace proposals
A. POWs
B. cease fire
VI. Observations and results
A. ignorance
B. NVN
C. inflation
D. Allies
E. SU
f. secrecy
VII. Nixon as president
A. Why successful
B. southern strategy
C. EPA
D. Great Society
E. food stamps,
Medicare
F. green president?
VIII. Watergate
A. Overview
B. Previous history
1. plumbers
2. Daniel Ellberg's
psychiatrist's office
C. Election of 1972
D. Cover-up
Woodward
2. no real proof
3. John Dean
4. Senate Watergate
Committee
5. tapes
6. Saturday Night
Massacre 1973
E. Impeachment
1. House Judiciary
Committee
2. three articles of
impeachment
IX. Reagan revolution
A. Stalemate with
Carter and Ford
B. cuts taxes
C. deficit
D. beneficiaries
E. recession
F. disparity of wealth
G. local and state
governments
I. Definition
II. Immigration
A. Huge
B. New
C. cities vs. rural areas
D. taxes
E. low-wage Americans
F. internal immigration
III. Economy
A. oil shocks
B. inflation
C. energy policy
D. Federal Reserve
E. Reagan
F. End of the Cold War
IV. Social impact
A. income disparity
B. unemployment figures
C. among blacks
D. Hispanics
E. women
V. Political impact
A. New Deal coalition
B. suburbs
C. Gramm-Rudman
D. one-term presidents
VI. Fourth Great Awakening
VII. Impact on Foreign affairs