Unit I
Because the history
of Europe was shaped and influenced to a large degree by the geography
of the area, it is imperative that students know the basic details of
European
geogrpahy. Therefore the student will be required to take a
geography
map test.
The mutiple choice
map test will be taken in the Testing Center on an answer sheet
provided
by the Testing Center.The map test will be the first test taken in this
course and must be completed by the deadline date listed in the
syllabus.
Students should
consult
maps in Kagan's Western Heritage volume 2, or any atlas of Europe. The
test will locate thirty (30) of the following on a map and ask students
to identify them .
Spain
Ukraine
France
Dardenelles
England
English Channel
Germany
North Sea
Italy
Baltic Sea
Greece
Sicily
Russia
Gibraltar
Czechoslovakia
Gallipolli
Belgium
Madrid
Poland
Paris
Turkey
London
Austria
Bonn
Hungary
Berlin
Bulgaria
Rome
Romania
Florence
Ireland
Prague
Yugoslavia
Moscow
Corsica
Kiev
Switzerland
Constantinople
Sweden
Warsaw
Albania
St. Petersburg (Leningrad)
Normandy
Budapest
Brussels
Vienna
Belgrade
Dublin
Danzig
(Gdansk)
Athens
Birmingham, England
Unit II
Chapter 15
1. Explain why Spain was no longer as powerful in the 18th century
as
she had been in the 16th.
2. Explain why the Netherlands lost power in the 18th century.
3. Show how central and eastern Europe differed from the maritime
nations
in the West.
4. Discuss the development of the Prussian army.
5. Explain how Peter the Great attempted to tame the boyars and
streltsy.
6. Discuss how and why Peter the Great attempted to exert secular
control
over the Russian church.
7. Explain how and why Peter the Great established St. Petersburg.
Chapter 16
1. Identify the main features of prerevolutionary Europe.
2. Show how the European nobility engineered the aristocratic
resurgence.
3. Contrast the peasant experience in western and eastern Europe.
4. Compare the household in northwestern and eastern Europe.
5. Describe the family economy.
6. Identify how and why the European population expanded in the 18th
century.
7. Explain why England took the leadership of the industrial
revolution.
8. Describe the development of the Jewish ghetto.
Chapter 17
1. Identify mercantilist goals.
2. Describe the slave experience.
3. Describe William Pitt's strategy for winning in North America.
4. Describe the results of the Treaty of Paris which ended the Seven
Years War.
5. Identify why the English needed the help of their American colonies
to raise revenue and how England attempted to get it.
Chapter 18
1. Show how England was an example of toleration and stability.
2. Identify problems in France during the reign of Louis XIV.
3. Explain the ideas of the Encyclopedia and assess its significance.
4. Show how the philosophes viewed organized religion.
5. Describe the beliefs of Deism.
6. Describe the role of women in the Enlightenment.
7. Describe the policies of Frederick the Great of Prussia.
8. Describe the changes in administration, economy and territorial
expansion under Catherine the Great of Russia.
From Supplemental reading Unit II HIST 2312 PCM
1. Show how James I of England created
difficulties
for himself in England.
2. Describe the difficulties Charles I of England
had with the English Parliament and what resulted.
3. Identify Cromwell's problems as Lord Protector.
4. Describe the main events of the reign of
Charles
II and what limits were placed on his powers as king.
5. Indicate the main provisions of the English
Bill of Rights.
6. Describe England after the Glorious Revolution
7. Show how Louis XIV domesticated the French
nobility.
8. Show how Colbert practiced mercantilism.
9. Indicate how Louis XIV improved his army.
10. Describe the main provisions of the Treaty
of Utrecht.
11. Evaluate the reign of Louis XIV.
12. Describe the main beliefs of the
Enlightenment.
13. Identify the inventions which made the
Scientific
Revolution easier.
14. Show how the Scientific Revolution impacted
political thought.
15 Describe the views of Voltaire.
16. Describe marriage in the 18th century.
17. Describe the life of children in the 18th
century.
18. Identify the most important medical advance
of the 18th century.
19. Describe diet and nutrition in the 18th
century.
20. Describe the beliefs of the Physiocrats.
21. Describe the beliefs of the Philosophes.
22. Describe the beliefs of Rousseau.
Unit III
Chapter 19
1. Explain why the Tennis Court Oath came about, what it said, and
what
resulted from it.
2. Describe the contents of the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
3. Explain why the assignats were put forward and what happened to
them.
4. Explain what the Civil Constitution of the Clergy did and what
resulted.
5. Show how Britain responded to the French revolution.
6. Describe the progress of the Reign of Terror.
Chapter 20
1. Identify the importance of the Battle of Trafalgar.
2. Explain why the Continental System was needed and discuss its
results.
3. Identify the new kind of warfare Napoleon encountered in Spain.
4. Explain why the Napoleonic armies suffered defeat in Russia.
5. Discuss the territorial changes made in Europe by the Congress of
Vienna.
6. Discuss the beliefs of Immanuel Kant.
7. Identify the main Romantic writers in Britain.
8. Identify the main Romantic writers in Germany.
9. Discuss the formation of Methodism and how it reflects Romanticism.
Chapter 21
1. Identify the political goals of 19th century liberals.
2. Identify the economic views of 19th century liberals.
3. Show how Prince Metternich was a conservative.
4. Discuss Peterloo and show what resulted.
5. Define the Concert of Europe and show its goals.
6. Explain why the July revolution in France occurred and what resulted
Chapter 22
1. Identify the factors which permitted Great Britain to take the
lead
in the Industrial Revolution.
2. Describe 19th century migration to the cities, explaining why it
occurred and differentiating between eastern
and
western Europe.
3. Show what the Chartists wanted and account for their failures.
4. Show how the factory changed family relationships over time.
5. Describe the development of new police forces.
6. Describe the views of Robert Malthus.
7. Explain what utopian socialism was and evaluate its success.
From HIST 2312 PCM Unit III Supplemental readings
1. Describe conditions in France which led to
the French revolution.
2. Explain how the French acquired their crushing
debt and why they could not pay it back.
3. Show why the moderate revolution failed.
4. Identify the program of the radical Jacobins.
5. Identify Napoleon's reforms.
6. Identify the defects in the cottage system
which led to the industrial revolution in textiles.
7. Describe the improvements in transportation
that helped the industrial revolution.
8. Explain why the industrial revolution was
delayed on the continent.
9. Show the results of the industrial revolution.
10. Describe the middle class economic and world
view in the early 19th century.
11. Describe the life of the industrial worker.
12. Describe the views of Karl Marx.
13. Show how and why the 1830 revolution in
France
challenged the Congress of Vienna system.
14. Describe how the Reform Bill of 1832 became
law in Britain and what it did.
15. Describe the progress of the revolution of
1848 in France and show its results.
16. Describe the progress of the revolution of
1848 in Germany and show its results.
17. Show why the revolutions of 1848 failed.
Unit IV
Chapter 23
1. Explain the causes of the Crimean War and show its effects.
2. Show how and why Napoleon III changed from an authoritarian to more
liberal empire.
3. Explain the significance of the Dreyfus affair.
4. Discuss the Second Reform Act of 1867 and asses its significance.
5. Identify the achievements of Gladstone's Great Ministry.
Chapter 24
1. Discuss the population trends and migration in late 19th century
Europe.
2. Identify the main new industries in the Second Industrial
Revolution.
3. Describe the economic difficulties of the second half of the 19th
century.
4. Show the developments in housing reform
5. Describe the developments in employment patterns for women.
6. Describe the developments in Jewish emancipation in the 19th
century.
7. Describe Lenin's early thought and career.
8. Discuss the Revolution of 1905 and its results.
Chapter 25
1. Describe the development of Social Darwinism.
2. Describe the developments in physics.
3. Identify the major realist and naturalist authors.
4. Define Modernism and identify its major practitioners.
5. Describe the development of Sigmund Freud's ideas.
6. Discuss the views of Carl Jung.
7. Discuss the justifications of racism of the 19th century.
8. Discuss the development of Zionism.
9. Describe the new developments in feminism at the turn of the
century.
Chapter 26
1. Identify the motives for the new imperialism.
2. Explain Bismarck's success in avoiding war and preserving European
peace.
3. Show how relations between Britain and Germany deteriorated after
the accession of Kaiser William II.
4. Describe the development of the Entente Cordial.
5. Describe how and why war broke out in 1914.
6. Explain what happened when the Communists seized power in Russia.
7. Identify the main obstacles faced by the victors.
8. Describe the provisions of the Peace of Paris (Treaty of
Versailles).
9. Evaluate the success of the Peace of Paris (Treaty of Versailles).
From Supplemental readings for Unit IV HIST 2312 PCM
1. Describe Alexander II Great Reforms and
show
how they affected Russia.
2. Decribe the views of Alexander III and his
son, Nicholas II.
3. Describe the development of the Third Republic
in France and the problems it faced.
4. Describe Darwin's views.
5. Describe modern refinements to Darwin.
6. Show how the art world responded to science
and realism.
7. Describe how architecture responded to science
and realism.
8. Explain why Europeans began imperialism in
earnest only after 1870.
9. Describe the British-Russian rivalry.
10. Evaluate imperialism.
11. Identify the new developments in the second
industrial revolution.
12. Show why Britain experienced difficulties
in her economic relations with Germany and the United States in
the
late 19th century.
13. Show how industrialists responded to foreign
competition and how the socialists reacted.
14. Show how the British navy helped win the
war.
15. Show how and why the United States entered
the conflict.
16. Identify the social impact of the war.
17. Identify the main 14 points and show how
Europeans reacted to them.
Unit V
Chapter 27
1. Describe the political and economic factors occurring after the
Paris
Settlement.
2. Discuss the move from War Communism to the New Economic Policy and
show its results.
3. Describe the rise of Mussolini to power in Italy.
4. Show Mussolini's actions once in office.
5. Discuss the early career of the Nazi party.
Chapter 28
1. Show the factors that led Europe into the Great Depression.
2. Describe how Hitler came to power.
3. Describe how Hitler consolidated power.
4. Identify the Nazi position on economics, women, and Jews.
5. Show how and why the Soviets embarked on rapid industrialization
and what resulted.
6. Show why the purges occurred in the Soviet Union and what resulted.
Chapter 29
1. Identify Hitler's foreign policy goals and how he set about
accomplishing
them.
2. Explain the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War and its effect on
world politics.
3. Describe the background to the Munich conference and what resulted
from it.
4. Identify Hitler's plans for Europe.
5. Explain why the Holocaust occurred.
6. Show how the allies attempted to deal with post-war Eastern Europe.
7. Show what was agreed to at Potsdam.
Chapter 30
<>1. Describe the racialideology and lives of women in Nazi
Germany.
2. Describe the social experience of Stalinism.
3. Describe the internal and external migration of Europeans post World
War II.
2. Describe developments in the European welfare state.
3. Describe new patterns of work for women in post-war Europe.
4. Describe developments in Europe's university population and ensuing
student rebellion.
5. Show how computers impacted European society.
Chapter 31
1. Describe the development of NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
2. Describe Khrushchev's domestic policies.
3. Describe the development of Christian Democratic parties in western
Europe.
4. Describe the creation of the Common Market and its results.
5. Identify the main concerns of the Soviet foreign policy towards the
United States in the Brezhnev era.
6. Describe the rise of Solidarity in Poland.
7. Identify the steps Gorbachev took to redirect the Soviet Union.
8. Describe the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe.
9. Explain the collapse of the Soviet Union.
10. Identify the problems arising from the collapse of communism.
From Supplemental readings for Unit V HIST 2312 PCM
1. Show how World War I affected the European
economies.
2. Discuss the French invasion of the Ruhr valley
in 1923.
3. Show how the world economy in the 1920s was
unhealthy.
4. Describe the Bolshevik fight for survival.
5. Describe Lenin's thought.
6. Show how Stalin came to power and how he
consolidated
it.
7. Describe the collectivization of agriculture.
8. Describe Mussolini's program for Italy.
9. Describe Hitler's economic policy.
10. Describe how Britain and France reacted to
the Depression.
11. Describe how Stalin and the West decided
the fate of eastern Europe.
12. Explain how the Berlin crisis of 1948 arose,
how Truman reacted, and how it ended.
13. Describe why the period of 1953 to 1962 was
so unstable.
14. Show how and why Khrushchev rose to power
and his early policies.
15. Describe the crises of 1956.
16. Describe the resurgence of Britain, France
and West Germany after World War II.
Book report for Western Civilization
The purpose of this assignment is to familiarize you with a major
work
in the historiography of European history and have you analyze it for
its
thesis, proof, and relationship to the Kagan textbook. The
report must be 1500 words in length and typed or word processed, and it
must be handed in by the date specified in the course calendar.
It
will be marked either OK for credit or not OK for credt. You will
not receive a grade on it in the usual sense. These books
are
pre-approved.
Do not substitute another book.
Part I
In this part of the report, you will identify the author's hypothesis. An hypothesis is a statement capable of proof. Thus the statement, "X maintains the Cold War resulted from an abrupt shift in policy under Truman" is an hypothesis, while "This book is about Truman and the Cold War" is not. You will want to consult the introduction and conclusion of the book where the author most frequently expresses his/her hypothesis succinctly. You will need to write a paragraph or so explaining the hypothesis in all its complexity.
Part II
In this part you will give several examples of how the author substantiates his/her hypothesis. What proof does he/she put forward? Choose examples carefully to show how the author validates the hypothesis.
Part III
In this part you will determine whether you are persuaded by the author's argument. Using the examples from Part II, you will determine whether they in fact validate the hypothesis. Is there any other way of interpreting the data? Why or why not? Is the data complete? Remember to challenge the author to prove every point he/she makes.
Part IV
In this part you will evaluate sources and footnotes. Are the footnotes accurate and to the point? What sources has the author consulted? Are both sides of the conflict represented to the same degree, or is the author relying too heavily on only one set of sources?
Part V
In this part you will compare the author's interpretation in the book you have chosen to similar material in the textbook. Do Kagan and your author agree? Why or why not?
Remember to cite all references to the book you are reporting on
and to the textbook. Page numbers in parenthesis will be
sufficient
citation. In determining whether the report is OK for credit, I
will
consider whether it follows standard rules of English spelling, grammar
and punctuation. Feel free to consult with me if you have
questions
about this project.
Mary Abbott, Family Ties: English Families 1540-1920
Robert Abzug, Inside the Vicious Heart: Americans and the
Liberation
of Nazi Concentration Camps (1985)
Gotz Alyg, Cleansing the Fatherland: Nazi Medicine and Racial
Hygiene
(1994)
George Antonius, The Arab Awakening: The Story of the Arab National
Movement (1976)
Eugene Aroneanu, Inside the Concentration Camps; Eyewitness
Accounts
of Life in Hitler's Death Camps (1996)
Neil Ascherson, The Polish August: The Self-Limiting Revolution
(1982)
S.J. Ball, The Cold War, (1998)
James Barros, Double Deception; Stalin, Hitler, and the Invasion of
Russia (1995)
Rudolph Bell, Fate and Honor, Family and Village: Demographic and
Cultural Change in Rural Italy since 1860 (1979)
Michael Beschloss, The Crisis Years: Kennedy and Khrushchev,
1960-1963
(1991)
Cynthia Bouton, The Flour War: Gender, Class and Community in late
Ancien Regime French Society (1993)
H.W. Brands, Cold Warriors: Eisenhower's Generation and American
Foreign Policy (1988)
Vladimer Brovdin, Mensheviks After October: Socialist Opposition
and the Rise of Bolshevik Dictatorship (1991)
Robert Bruce, Bell; Alexander Graham Bell and the Conquest of
Solitude
(1990)
Peter Burke, The Fabrication of Louis XIV (1992)
Raymond Carr, The Spanish Trajedy: The Civil War in Perspective
(1977)
Robert Conquest, The Harvest of Sorrow, Soviet Collectivization
and the Terror-Famine (1986)
Michael Cohen and Martin Kolinsky, Demise of the British Empire
in the Middle East (1998)
Richard Crockatt, The Fifty Years War: The United States and the
Soviet Union in World Politics, 1941-1991 (1995)
Margaret Crosland, Madame de Pompadour: Sex, Culture and the Power
Game (2000)
Phillip Curtin, Disease and Empire: The Health of European Troops
in the Conquest of Africa (1998)
Mark Curtis, The Ambiguities of Power: British Foreign Policy since
1945 (1995)
Robert Darnton, The Great Cat Massacre and other Episodes in French
Cultural History (1984)
David B. Davis, The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution,
1770-1823 (1975)
Lucy S. Dawidowicz, The War Against the Jews, 1933-1945 (1976)
Maeve Doggett, Marriage, Wife Beating and the Law in Victorian
England
(1993)
Carolly Erickson, To the Scaffold: The Life of Marie Antoinette
(1991)
David Foglesong, America's Secret War Against Bolshevism; U.S.
Intervention
in the Russian Civil War, 1917-1929 (1995)
Antonia Frazier, Weaker Vessel: Women's Lot in 17th Century England
(1994)
Norbert Frei, Nationalist Socialist Rule in Germany: The Fuhrer
State, 1933-1945 (1993)
Ilya Gaiduk, The Soviet Union and the Vietnam War (1996)
Raymond Garthoff, Detente and Confrontation: American-Soviet
Relations
from Nixon to Reagan (1985)
Peter Gay, The Bourgeois Experience, Victoria to Freud (1984)
Martin Gilbert, Auschwitz and the Allies (1981)
Misha Glenny, The Rebirth of History: Eastern Europe in the Age
of Democracy (1990)
Norman Graebner, Cold War; a Conflict of Ideology and Power (1996)
Robert Graves, Lawrence and the Arabs (1991)
Gerd Hardach, The First World War, 1914-1918 (1977) an economic
history of the war
Gertrude Himmelfarb, The Idea of Poverty, England in the Early
Industrial
Age (1984)
William Hitchock, France restored: Cold War Diplomacy and the Quest
for Leadership in Europe, 1944-1954
(1998)
Lynn Hunt, Politics, Culture and Class in the French Revolution
(1984)
Julian Jackson, The Fall of France: the Nazi Invasion of 1940 (2003)
Lonnie Johnson, Central Europe; Enemies, Neighbors, Friends
(1996)
Howard Jones, A New Kind of War; America's Global Strategy and the
Truman Doctrine in Greece (1982)
Lawrence Kaplan, NATO and the United States: The Enduring Alliance
(1988)
Warren F. Kimball, The Most Unsordid Act: Lend Lease, 1939-1940
(1969)
Mark Kishlansky, Monarchy Transformed; Britain, 1603-1714
(1996)
R.J. Knecht, Richilieu (2000)
Amy Knight, Beria, Stalin's First Lieutenant (1993)
MacGregor Knox, Mussolini Unleashed (1986)
Tony Kushner, The Holocaust and the Liberal Imagination: A Social
and Cultural History (1994)
Walter Lacqueur, A History of Zionism (1972)
Joan Landes, Women and the Public Sphere in the Age of the French
Revolution (1988)
Evelyne Lever, Marie Antoinette: The Last Queen of France
(2000)
Robert W. Malcolmson, Popular Recreations in English Society
(1973)
Michael Mandelbaum, The Nuclear Question: The United States and
Nuclear Weapons, 1946-1976 (1979)
Martin McCauley, The Soviet Union, 1917-1991 (1993)
Stephen Mennel, All Manners of Food, Eating and Taste in England
and France from the Middle Ages to the Present (1985)
Sidney W. Mintz, Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern
History (1985)
Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem,
1947-1949
(1987)
George Mosse, Toward the Final Solution (1978) on the history
of European racism
Donald Neff, Warriors At Suez: Eisenhower Takes America into the
Middle East (1988)
Ilan Pappe, A History of Modern Palestine (2004)
Ernst Pawel, The Labyrinth of Exile, A Life of Theodor Herzl
(1989)
Robert Paxton, Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order (1972)
Joan Perkin, Victorian Women (1994)
Detlev Peukert, Inside Nazi Germany; Conformity, Opposition, and
Racism in Everyday Life (1987)
Munro Price, The Road From Versailles: Louis XVI, Marie Antionette,
and the Fall of the French Monarchy (2003)
Natalia Pushkareva, Women in Russian History; from the Tenth to
the Twentieth Century (1997)
William Quandt, Camp David; Peacemaking and Politics (1986)
Alexander Rabinowitch, The Bolsheviks Come to Power (1976)
Gerhard Rempel, The Hitler Youth and the SS (1989)
Richard Rubenstein, After Auschwitz: History, Theology and
Contemporary
Judaism (1992)
Georges Rudé, Robespierre , A Portrait of a Revolutionary
Democrat (1975)
John Gerard Ruggie, Winning the Peace: America and World Order in
the New Era (1989)
Simon Shama, Citizens, A Chronicle of the French Revolution
(1989)
Glen T. Seaborg, Kennedy, Khruhschev and the Test Ban (1982)
Tom Segev, 1949; the First Israelis (1986)
Dan Silverman, Reconstructing Europe After the Great War (1982)
Mary Shanley, Feminism, Marriage, and the Law in Victorian England
(1989)
Robert Slusser, Stalin in October: The Man Who Missed the Revolution
(1987)
Peter Sterns, Eighteen Forty Eight: The Revolutionary Tide in
Europe
(1974)
Lawrence Stone, Road to Divorce, England 1530-1987 (1990)
Robert W. Stookey, America and the Arab States (1975)
Janet Todd, Mary Wollstonecraft: A Revolutionary Life (1996)
Marc Trachtenburg, Between Empire and Alliance: America and Europe
during the Cold War
Adam Ulam, Dangerous Relations: The Soviet Union in World Politics,
1970-1982 (1983)
Lawrence Weschler, Solidarity: Poland in the Season of Its Passion
(1982)
Donald Watt, How War Came: The Immediate Origins of the Second
World
War (1989)
John Williams, The Home Fronts: Britain, France, and Germany,
1914-1918
(1972)
John Wolf, Louis XIV (1974)
David S. Wyman, The Abandonment of the Jews; America and the
Holocaust
(1984)
Mark Wyman, Round-Trip to America: The Immigrants Return to Europe,
1880-1930 (1993)
HIST 2312 PCM Sample Test Questions
The following are sample test questions you might expect to encounter on the exams covering the textbook material. They fall into three categories: 1) the "EXCEPT" type question, 2) the both "a" and "b" variety, and 3) the one concept answer type question.
The "EXCEPT" type question is used when there is more than one factor or cause that precipitated the event in the Learning Objective, or there is more than one outcome from an event. It is important that you recognize all these factors or outcomes. For example, Chapter 15 Learning Objective 1 asks you to describe the structures of paliament in the 18th century. If you look in The Western Heritage, volume II, you will see a discussion of this issue. Therefore the question reads:
1. ALL the following describe the structures of Parliament in the 18th century EXCEPT:
a. It was neither a democratic nor representative body.
b. Members were elected from boroughs.
c. The structure of Parliament guaranteed that owners of
property,
especially wealthy nobles, dominated the
government.
d. Parliament was unable to raise sufficient money for the
English
wars of the eighteenth century.
e. Through proper election management, including favors to
electors,
the House of Commons could be controlled.
The answer is "d."
The second type of question, the both "a" and "b" question, is used when there are two or three important factors and you need to know them. For instance, Chapter 15 Learning Objective 6 asks you about the differences between Central and Eastern Europe and the maritime nations in the west. If you will look in The Western Heritage, volume II, you will see the information required of you. Thus, the question reads:
2. In regard to the differences between Central and Eastern Europe and the maritime nations in the west:
a. In the maritime nations, conflicts between them occurred
less
in Europe than on the high seas, while central and
eastern Europe had no
overseas
empires and access only to the Baltic.
b. Maritime nations existed in well defined geographical
boundaries,
while in central and eastern Europe, most
changes in the power
structure
involved changes in borders.
c. The populations of the maritime nations generally did not
accept the authority of the central government while the
central and eastern European
nobility usually did.
d. All the above are correct.
e. Only "a" and "b" are correct.
In this case, the correct answer is "e" since only "a" and "b" are correct. You will not receive credit for the answer if you choose only "a" or only "b" on your answer sheet. That would be only part of the correct answer.
The third type of question is the one-concept answer type of question. An example of this is Chapter 20 Learning Objective 2 which asks you to identify the importance of the Battle of Trafalgar. If you will look in The Western Heritage, volume II, you will see a discussion of that topic. Thus the question reads:
3. The importance of the Battle of Trafalgar was:
a. It allowed the British to attack French holdings in the
New
World.
b. It allowed Napoleon to defeat Prussia.
c. It established British naval supremacy when the French were
defeated.
d. It permitted the invasion of Russia.
e. It allowed Napoleon to name his brother as King of Spain.
The correct answer is "c."
Most of the Learning Objectives have several important factors,
influences,
steps, results or developments and therefore as you review the text to
find the answers, you ought to find three or four factors, etc. for
each
Learning Objective. Relatively few of the Learning Objectives can
be answered with one word answers such as found in the third type of
question
listed above. If you find the three or four pertinent
factors,
etc. for each Learning Objective, WRITE OUT your answer, and then study
your notes; you ought to do very well on the exams. If you
simply skim the text looking for one word answers to the Learning
Objectives,
you will have difficulty with the exams. Put the time into
studying and you should be pleased with the test results.
2312 PCM STUDENT INFORMATION SHEET
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