Overview The United States and Russia developed very different traditional foreign policies, to a great degree because their security concerns, economies, geography and history were different from one another in profound ways. Nonetheless, the two worked well enough together until the World War I period. The Russian revolution brought Lenin to power; he redefined the uniqueness of Russian history and also advocated world revolution. Likewise, American public opinion, under the influence of Progressivism, redefined the uniqueness and purpose of the American experience in ways that invited conflict with the Russians' new definition of themselves. Worse, the Treaty of Versailles did not address Europe's security concerns, paving the way for WW II. The WW II coalition between the United States and the Soviet Union was beset with difficulties that were not properly addressed at the time, and with the defeat of Hitler, both countries drifted into uncharted waters of Cold War. By 1947, in the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, the United States had effectively declared Cold War on the Soviet Union
1. Distinguish between Cold Warriors and realists, and show what results from their theories.
2. Note the arguments realists give for their position.
3. Explain why there is antagonism between the United States and the Soviet Union.
4. Identify limitations that prevent full scale war between the United States and Soviet Union.
5. Describe the foreign policy of Peter the Great and discuss its problems
6. Show how and why Britain moved to limit Russian imperialism in the 19th century, and show how Russian responded.
7. Identify the main contributions of Lenin's thought and identify the problems he faced.
8. Describe Lenin’s views on economics, and show how and why he modified them.
9. Explain why the allies invaded Russia after World War I and what resulted.
10. Identify the main provisions of Stalin's thought and show how he put them into practice.
11. Identify the conflicts that beset the Soviet Union in her foreign policy.
12. Identify the main components of traditional American foreign policy before 1900.
13. Show how American foreign policy changed at the turn of the century and how these changes affected relations with the Soviet Union.
14. Show why Europe regarded the 14 points as naive or dangerous.
15. Identify Lodge's objections to Wilson's program.
16. Explain why the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany and how this impacted world opinion.
17. Identify problems facing the World War II coalition.
18. Identify disagreements among the coalition partners.
19. Show how the alliance broke up in 1945.
20. Show how the foreign policy requirements of the United States were similar to those of the Europeans in 1945.
21. Show how the Soviet Union tried to cash in on her wartime victory.
22. Show how the United States attempted to block these moves and evaluate their success.
23. Catalogue and explain the ways the Soviet Union showed restraint in late 1946 to 1947.
24. Explain what the Truman Doctrine was designed to do, why, and how it carried out its mission.
25. Discuss the impact of the Truman Doctrine
26. Explain what the Marshall Plan was designed to do, and how it passed Congress.
27. Show how the Soviets responded to the Marshall Plan.
28. Discuss the problems inherent in the Marshall Plan.
29. Explain how and why the United States attempted to help Germany in 1948.
30. Discuss the impact of the Berlin airlift of 1948.
From Collective Security
31. Distinguish between isolationism, collective security and nationalism.
32. Show how these positions are reflected in the debate over the Treaty of Versailles.
From Second Front
33. Explain why the British proposed the “soft underbelly” approach and describe how it was carried out.
34. Identify the problems with the “soft underbelly” approach as it actually occurred.
35. Discuss the significance of the battle of Stalingrad.
Information to answer these objectives can be found in lectures and information on Blackboard.
HIST 2341 Cold War Unit I outlines
Introduction
I. Definition
II. Background theories
A. Cold Warriors-ideology
B. realists-power struggle
C. arguments
1. orders from
Moscow
2. conspiracy
3. security
4. traditional
policy
5. geopolitical
concerns
6. invasion
III. Why antagonism
A. conflicting imperialisms
B. God-Given mission to contro land
C. domestic politics
D. Vulnerability
IV. Limitations
A. effective power blocs
B. bomb
C. internal resources
D. emergence of Third World
E. challenged by others
F. China
Soviet Perspective
I. Traditional Russian diplomacy
A. invasion
B. Peter the Great
1. European
2. warm water
ports
3. cinch points
4. Iran
5. Eurasian
land mass
C. How to deal with new areas
1. russification
2. backlash
D. Intensifies in 19th century
E. huge standing army
1. training,
winter
2. Model for
third world
3. Who will
lead army
II. 19th century policies
A. Britain contains Russia
1. Crimean War
B. cinch points
C. Russia responds
D. diplomacy and appeals
E. Expense and westernization-debate
F. role of Germany
III. Russian revolution
A. Why
B. Bolsheviks
C. Lenin's thought
D. economic policy
E. foreign policy
F. Invasion of 1918-19
IV. Transfer of power and Stalin
A. Trotsky
B. Stalin's thought
VI Conclusion
A. Russian conflicts
American Perspective
I. Traditional American diplomacy
A. Geography
B. Pax Britannica
C. abundance
E. moralism
II. Changes in Progressive era
A. moralism
B. Russian market
C. Britain
D. Anti-Semitism
E. missionary diplomacy and collective
security
III. WW I and aftermath
A. Great Crusade
B. 14 points
C. compromise at Treay of Versailles
D. Lodge's objections
IV. Aftermath
WW II and breakup of alliance
I. WW II alliance
A. Non-aggression pact
B. problems facing coalition
1. how long
will it last
2. military
or political ends
C. coalition differences
1. second front
2. military
supplies
3. balance of
power
4. Germany
5. losses
II. Alliance breaks up
A. postponement
B. smaller agreements
C. Moscow 1944
D. Yalta
E. UN
F. A bomb
G. Europe and America agree
1. European
market
2. free seas
3. raw materials
III. Immediate post war situation
A. contain SU
B. SU tries to cash in
1. European
recovery
2. Iran
3. E. Germany
4. Greece
5. Poland
C. US blocks Soviet attempts
1. Iran
a. Iranian-Soviet oil comp.
b. UN
2. West Germany
3. Poland
4. Soviet
soldiers
D. SU responds with restraint
1. multiparty
governments
2. size of army
3. military
alliance
IV. Problems
A. Germany
B. West Europe
C. Buying goods
D. security of SU
E. Japan and China
Declaration of Cold War
I. Introduction
II Truman Doctrine
A. Britain withdraws
B. US needs
C. Greek civil war
D. economic and financial aid
E. justified with Truman Doctrine
III. Impact of Truman Doctrine
A. vital and peripheral interests
B. anti-communism
C. monolithic communism
D. wooing Congress
E. intervention in civil war
F. blank check
G. threats
IV. Marshall Plan
A. European economy
B. prosperity and communism
C. French fears
D. European industrial revolution
E. east and west Europe
F. US congress
V. Soviet response
A. meddling
B. COMECON
C. Czechoslovakia
D. US Congress
E. draft
VI. Problems with Marshall Plan
A. positive
B. McCarthy
C. peace and prosperity
D. pro-colonialist
E. military
VII. Germany
A. economy
B. German mark
C. Soviets close off Berlin
D. airlift
E. Soviet intelligence
VIII. Impact of Berlin Airlift
A. Soviet Union aggressive
B. Planes for A bombs
C. US presidential election
D. Soviet A bomb
E. Hydrogen bomb
F. Reconceives Cold War
HIST 2341 Cold War Unit II Early Cold War Objectives
Overview- By 1949, the Truman administration reconceived the Cold War as a military struggle, setting the stage for a massive arms race with the Soviet Union. The Korean War seemed to prove this policy right, however, while frustration with the war helped Eisenhower win the presidency in 1952. Soviet society underwent an upheaval following the death of Stalin and the rise of the mercurial, reform-minded Khrushchev, but both superpowers found it difficult to translate their military power into diplomatic advantage. Crises in Eastern Europe and Latin America caused the United States and the Soviet Union to adopt new approaches to the Cold War, but the failure of the 1960 summit talks and the election of Kennedy ushered a period of brinksmanship which culminated in the Cuban Missile Crisis.
1. Discuss the debate in the Soviet Union between the hawks and the doves following the Berlin air lift.
2. Discuss the German economic miracle and its results.
3. Discuss the development of NATO.
4. Explain what NSC-68 said and show its significance.
5. Identify the recommendations of NSC-68.
6. Identify the problems the realists had with NSC-68.
7. Discuss the long-term problems associated with NSC-68.
8. Identify the problems associated with the Open Door policy.
9. Discuss traditional Russian foreign policy in the Far East.
10. Show how the United States supported Chiang and what resulted.
11. Identify the new ideas Mao put forward and distinguish them from Lenin's.
12. Explain how and why the Korean War started and how the United States reacted.
13. Explain why the Chinese crossed into Korea and why the United States was unprepared.
14. Explain how and why the Korean War ended.
15. Explain what resulted from the Korean War.
16. Describe how Eisenhower changed the conduct of the Cold War.
17. Describe problems in the Soviet military in the 1950s.
18. Discuss the conduct of American foreign policy in the Eisenhower administration.
19. Describe Eisenhower’s Latin America policy.
20. Discuss the overthrow of the Guatemalan government in 1954.
21. Discuss the return of the shah into Iran in 1954.
22. Explain what happened in the 1954 Geneva accords, and how Eisenhower reacted.
23. Describe how Khrushchev came to power following Stalin's death.
24. Discuss Khrushchev's programs for the Soviet Union.
25. Discuss post World War II communism in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia
26. Explain why Khrushchev denounced Stalin.
27. Describe events in Poland in the summer of 1956.
28. Describe the difficulties facing the Polish economy in the 1960s and 70s.
29. Describe events in Hungary in the fall of 1956.
30. Discuss events in the Suez crisis of 1956.
31. Explain what Sputnik was, and how Eisenhower responded.
32. Show what happened when the U-2 was shot down in1960 and the problems it revealed.
33. Describe how Americans and their European allies reacted to Castro in Cuba.
34. Describe the situation in Lebanon in 1957.
35. Show how Europe became more independent in the late fifties.
36. Discuss how the Soviet Union reacted to changing world events, and evaluate its success.
From The Common Market
37. Explain where the idea of the Common Market came from and how it was formed.
38. Discuss the problems posed to the Common Market by the newly independent former Soviet satellites.
39. Explain how the Maastrict treaty exposed problems in Common Market countries.
40. Explain how Turkey’s request for admittance to the Common Market has divided the institution.
From Second Great Red Scare
41. Explain how the Alger Hiss trial and conviction helped lead to the Red Scare.
42. Show how the trial and conviction of the Rosenbergs lead to the Red Scare.
43. Show why McCarthy was popular.
44. Account for the downfall of McCarthy and its long term results.
Information to answer these objectives can be found in lectures and information on Blackboard.
HIST 2341 Unit II Early Cold War Outlines
I. Introduction
A. Soviet defensive moves
II. Soviet Response to airlift
A. Eastern Europe
B. Debate between hawks and doves
1. parallels debate in US
2. Mao's success, possession of A
bomb
3. consumer production
4. Soviet economy
5. decentralization
III. German economic miracle
A. fear of Germany
B. Marshall Plan
C. east and west Germany
D. braindrain
E. foreign policy
F. buffer
IV. NATO
A. need for atom bomb
B. how to use it
C. defensive alliance
D. European role
E. threat of Soviet Union
F. Congress
V. NSC-68
A. grand theory
B. National Security Council
C. global threat
D. absolute control
E. Soviet influence
VI. NSC-recommendations
A. negotiations
B. H-bomb
C. conventional forces
D. taxes
E. consensus
VII. Problems for realists
A. Kennan and Bohlen
B. grand design
C. overextension
D. traditional policy
E. bankruptcy
F. Nitze
VIII. Long Term Problems
A. How much is enough
B. bankruptcy
C. non-democratic governments
D. negotiations
E. Consensus
F. need to use
I. Background
I.I American foreign policy
A. China and Open Door
B. Problems with Open Door
1. integrity
2. legitimacy
3. will to carry it out
4. responsibility
5. nation building
III. Russian policy
A. racism
B. outlets
C. raw materials
D. Japan
E. Korea
F. spheres of influence
IV. Chinese Revolution
A. US support of Chiang
1. airlift
2. WW II
3. land reform
4. inflation
5. US support
B. Mao's idea
1. peasants
2. cadres
3. physically there
4. middle class
5. model of socialism
6. guerrilla warfare
7. theories on fighting
C. only reliable ally
V. Korea
A. defense perimeter
B. divided
C. civil war
1. Rhee and Kim il Sung
2. Soviet Union and China
D. North Korea invades
E. United Nations
F. Inchon
G. Chinese enter
1. UN seat
2. bomb
3. revolution
4. China next
H. US surprised
1.SU signls
2. soon after civil war
3.orders from Moscow
VI. Internal Repercussions
A. Language of force
B. subversion
C. new representatives
D. Eisenhower
E. Nuclear weapons
1. MacArthur
2. European allies
3. would they work
4. Soviet bomb
5. fast planes
VIII. End of the war
A. negotiations
B. frustration
C. Eisenhower and nuclear
weapons
D. Stalin
E. POWs
IX Conclusions
A. involvement of Soviet Union
B. Stalin the opportunist
C. civil liberties in US
D. military interpretation
E. Chinese brutality
I. Introduction
II. Eisenhower changes
A. unmilitarizes
B. containment
C. Eurocentrism
D. policy
E. Republican party
III. American foreign policy
A. Eisenhower/Dulles
B. limits
C. massive retaliation
D. Soviet response
E. European response
IV Soviet military
V. Eisenhower’s foreign policy
A. Warsaw pact
B. Latin America
1. no experience
2. money
3.military aid
4.Guatamala 54
a. Arbenz/Armas
b. United Fruit
C. Middle East
1.Iran
a. Britain
b. Mossadegh
c. shah
D. Vietnam
1. Dienbienphu
2. Geneva accords
3. Ho Chi Minh
4. land war
VI. Soviet Union
A. Stalin's death
B. Malenkov
C. US response
D. Khrushchev and army
E. Khrushchev's options
F. Chinese challenge
VII. Khrushchev
A. reformer
B. young
C. military and consumer goods
D. Agriculture
E. Virgin Lands
F. farm prices
G. Tractor Farms
H. hold on power
VIII. Third World development
A. models
B. tradition of democracy
C. colonialism
D. US and neutralism
E. alliance system
IX. Conclusions
I. Introduction
II. Communism in Eastern Europe
A. Poland
1. Communist success
2. popular leaders
3. multinational state
4. Germany
B. Czechoslovakia
1. respectable CP
2. purges
3. stalinist
C. Yugoslavia
1. multiparty period
2. Tito and socialism
3. Tito and Soviet Union
4. ethnic tensions
III. Denunciation of Stalin
A. Khrushchev denounces
B. East Europe
C. troops
D. Tito
E. China
IV. Poland
A. changes desired
B. Gomulka
C. reformers vs stalinists
D. Catholic church
E. Poland's economy
1. borrows
2. hard currency to repay
3. consumerism
4. output targets
5. distortion of market
V. Hungary
A. Warsaw pact
B. neutralization
C. Nagy
E. Kadar
F. embarrassment
G. goulash communism
H. US response
VI. Suez
A. Nasser
B. non-alignment
C. Aswan dam
D. nationalization
E. Europe and US
F. invasion
G. Eisenhower responds
H. Cold War rhetoric
I. Ecology
VII. Conclusion
A. bipolarism challenged
B. New foreign policies
I. Introduction
II. Sputnik
A. new technology
B. embarrassing
C. simple technology
D. beating Soviets into space
E. size of rockets
F. targetibility
G. Eisenhower response
H. missile gap
I. U-2
1. what happened
2. problems
III. Latin America
A. Nixon trip
B. private foreign investment
C. prices
D. chronic poverty
E. emphasized democracy
IV. Cuba
A. Castro and communist threat
B. American land in Cuba
C. example
D. invasion
E. Britain
F. Cuba vs. Soviet Union
V. Far East
A. Soviet Union vs. China
B. wedge
C. Eisenhower's program
D. China lobby
E. UN seat
F. results
VI. Middle East
A. Arab nationalism
B. SU takes advantage
C. Eurocentrism
D. Eisenhower doctrine
1. definition
2. first examples
E. Lebanon 57
1. Lebanese constitution
2. demographics
3. Chamoun
4. Muslims vs. Christians
VII. Europe
A. US unilateralism
B. German remilitarization
C. De Gaulle
D. EEC
E. NATO split
F. British applications
G. Outer Seven
H ties
VIII. Soviet Response
A. guns and butter
B. Missile gap
C. challenges west
D. U-2
E. diplomatic success
F. internal problems
HIST 2431 Cold War Unit III Rise and Fall of Détente Objectives
1. Discuss Kennedy's views on foreign policy.
2. Explain why there was a Berlin Crisis in 1961 and what resulted from it.
3. Explain why the Soviet Union moved missiles into Cuba in 1962.
4. Discuss when the United States discovered the missiles and how the Americans reacted.
5. Identify the results of the Cuban Missile crisis.
6. Explain why Ngo Dinh Diem had become an embarrassment to the United States and what Kennedy did about it.
7. Describe the situation in Vietnam between 1963 and 1965.
8. Explain why there was a Gulf of Tonkin resolution, what it said, and what resulted.
9. Show how problems arising from Rolling Thunder exposed weaknesses in American logic.
10. Discuss why Lyndon Johnson Americanized the war in 1965
11. Explain the problems associated with ill-defined purposes and methods in Vietnam.
12. Explain how the North Vietnamese and Americans differed on their views of the Tet offensive, and show how it impacted American domestic politics.
13. Explain what Vietnamization was and why it was instituted.
14. Discuss the Cambodian incursion of 1970.
15. Show how and why the war came to a close in January, 1973.
16. Discuss the impact of the war on the United States and Soviet Union.
17. Explain why détente began after 1963.
18. Discuss why there was a Sino-Soviet split and what occurred as a result.
19. Explain why Mao began the Great Leap Forward and evaluate its success.
20. Explain why the Cultural Revolution occurred in 1965, evaluate its success and show how it became a model elsewhere.
21. Identify the problems the United States experienced with France and Europe.
22. Explain the role of arms control in creating détente.
23. Explain what the Breshnev Doctrine was and how it created problems in the Eastern bloc.
24. Show the impact of the Breshnev Doctrine.
25. Explain how Nixon and Kissinger viewed the Cold War.
26. Define the Nixon Doctrine and discuss the problems associated with it.
27. Evaluate linkage and détente.
28. Explain what ostpolitik is and how it impacted superpower détente.
29. Show how Asian countries reacted to Nixon’s trip to China.
30. Describe the results of the Yom Kippur War.
31. Explain how the American Congress and world events helped sabotage détente.
32. Discuss the main provisions of the Helsinki Accords and their impact on détente.
From Desertification
33. Briefly explain long term trends in the earth’s climate.
33. Explain why Khrushchev tried to bring more land under cultivation and what resulted.
35. Explain what happened to the Aral Sea as a result of Soviet policies.
From French Imperialism
36. Explain how imperialism affected colonial areas’ economies.
37. Explain why imperialism began in earnest in the late 19th century.
38. Identify the problems with French imperialism in Vietnam.
From Watergate
39. Explain who the plumbers were and their role in Watergate.
40. Explain how the cover up came unglued.
41. Identify the three articles of impeachment brought against Nixon.
Information to answer these objectives can be found in lectures and information on Blackboard.
HIST 2431 Cold War Unit III Outlines
I. Introduction
II. Kennedy as president
A. election
B. Congress
C. can-do
D. Harvard mafia
E. military-industrial complex
III. Kennedy on foreign policy
A. State and Defense
B. perception
C. measured response
E. global responsibilities
IV. Berlin 1961
A. Vienna summit
B. industrialization
C. food in East Germany
D. brain drain
E. wall
F. Kennedy response
G. ostpolitik
V. Cuba
A. Bay of Pigs 1961
B. Cuban Missile crisis 1962
1. why missiles?
a. protect Cuba
b. strategic balance
c. cheap rocket theory
d. China
e. Berlin wall
f. bargaining chip
2. US discovers
3. two memos
4. pledge
C. Results
1. humiliation for Khrushchev
2. language of force
3. Test Ban treaty
4. Congress
5. Castro
6. 4-1 superiority
7. Soviet response
VI. Southeast Asia
A. domino theory
B. Neutrality for Laos
C. Ngo Dinh Diem
1. formation of Viet Cong
2. embarrassment
3. religion
4. corruption
5. Kennedy's role
D. Chaos
VII. Conclusion
A. tensions of Cold War
B. differences from Eisenhower
C. diplomatic successes
D. assassination
I. Introduction
II. 1963-65
A. Governments in SVN
B. Viet Cong
C. Ho Chi Minh trail
D. aid to Viet Cong
III. Gulf of Tonkin resolution 1964
A. Goldwater
B. Johnson win
C. 2 incidents
D. military review
E. resolution
F. nuclear cowboy
IV. Americanization of war
A. Rolling Thunder
1. targets
2. limitations
B. Why
1. equipment and motivation
2. win
3. allies
4. dominoes
5. previous success
6. economic theory
C. Vietnam different from Korea
D. Escalation
E. Purposes
F. methods
V. Tet Offensive 1968
A. McCarthy
B. offensive
C. Viet Cong
D. Johnson's reaction
E. R. Kennedy
F. Nixon
VI. Vietnamization
A. definition
B. loss of life
C. trouble-My Lai
VII. Cambodia
VIII. Nixon's response
A. preemptive strike
B. China
C. Breshnev doctrine
D. death of Ho
E. final peace proposals
IX. Observations
I. Introduction and definition
II. Why after 1963
A. accidental
B. US problems
C. Soviet problems
D. Vietnam
E. parity
F. economic woes
III. Sino-Soviet split
A. long time
B. Cuban missile crisis
C. wars of national liberation
D. missile superiority
E. military confrontation
F. economic differences
G. Chinese policy
IV. Great Leap forward
A. industrialization
B. revolutionize people
C. decentralized
D. ecology
E. quality
F. managerial staff
V. Cultural revolution
A. Chinese foreign policy
B. disruptive
C. army
D. preemptive strike
VI. Europe
A. Year of Europe
B. distinct power
C. Common Market
D. NATO
E. nuclear strike force
VII. Arms control
A. lynchpin
B. parity
C. SU buildup
VIII. Soviet Union
A. Breshnev
B. Divisions
C. sources
D. allies
IX. Breshnev doctrine
A. détente
B. Czechoslovakia
C. multiparty system
D. doctrine
X. Kissinger, Nixon and linkage
A. war vs problem
B. US economic help
C. Soviet response
D. linkage
XI. Nixon doctrine
A. arms
B. buildup
C. bankruptcy
D. Use of force
XII Evaluation of linkage and détente
A. SALT I
B. Nixon’s anti-communism
C. Soviet Union
D. Watergate
E. resignation
I. Introduction
II. Jackson Vanik
III. War Powers Act
IV. Gasoline crisis
V. Vietnam
VI. Helsinki accords
A. borders
B. moral edge
C. live up to agreements
VII. Soviet Union
VIII. Conclusion
HIST 2341 Cold War Unit IV Struggle and
Collapse Objectives
Overview- Carter’s policy of toughness was continued by Reagan until he found in the Soviet Union a leader willing to risk redefining the Cold War out of existence. For a variety of reasons, both Gorbachev and Reagan allowed tensions between the superpowers to ebb, but the ensuing collapse of the Soviet Union perplexed American policy makers whose response was cautious and confused. The post-Cold War world, moreover, proved to be a dangerous place, as the ability of the superpowers to maintain peace in Europe for 50 years, the longest uninterrupted period of peace in European history, came to an abrupt halt in Bosnia. Freed from superpower domination, the Middle East and Africa exploded in violence that eventually sucked the United States in. Developing a suitable foreign policy for the “New World Order” proved difficult for the Americans.
1. Discuss the differing views of Cyrus Vance and Zbigniew Brzezinski and show how they impacted Carter’s foreign policy.
2. Explain how the Soviet Union reacted to Carter's initiatives.
3. Discuss the Soviet economy.
4. Identify the successes of the Carter presidency.
5. Identify the problems with Carter's foreign policy.
6. Describe the problems associated with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
7. Explain how Carter reacted to the failures of his conflicted foreign policy.
8. Describe Reagan's first term foreign policy.
9. Explain why Reagan began his military buildup and how others reacted.
10. Describe Reagan’s military program in action and what he learned from it.
11. Show how and why Reagan's policy changed after 1984.
12. Describe Reagan’s policy towards Central America.
13. Describe Reagan’s policy towards Iraq.
14. Discuss why the “Star Wars” program was developed and what criticisms it produced.
15. Show Gorbachev’s role in ending the Cold War.
16. Define Perestroika and evaluate its effectiveness.
17. Describe the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991.
18. Describe Gorbachev’s economic policy and evaluate its success
19. Explain why the Soviets wanted Eastern Europe, what changed their minds, and how they and Eastern European leaders reacted.
20. Explain what the Sinatra Doctrine was and show its results in Eastern Europe.
21. Show how Poland is a test case of Eastern European troubles in the 1980s.
22. Describe the rise of Solidarity its goals and its relation to the Catholic Church.
23. Describe the problems in the Polish economy.
24 Describe the unification of Germany and what resulted.
25. Show how Yugoslavia is a test case of Eastern European troubles in the 1980s.
26. Explain why and how Yugoslavia split up.
27. Explain why war occurred in Bosnia and what its results were.
28. Describe American policy in Kosovo and evaluate its success.
29. Describe allied differences over Bosnia and other peace-keeping operations.
30. Describe the problems afflicting in Eastern Europe as the Cold War ended.
31. Identify the problems facing the Middle East.
32. Explain why the Arabs saw the Treaty of Versailles as “treason” and show what resulted.
33. Show how American globalists and realists differed on the role of Israel.
34. Identify the two Pillar Policy and show its results.
35. Explain why Saddam attacked Kuwait, how Bush reacted, and how the war was viewed by others.
36. Discuss Iraqi nuclear weapons.
37. Discuss American policy in Afghanistan, showing Pashtunism and the role of the CIA.
38. Identify the causes of the end of the Cold War.
39. Describe the Soviet Union after the Cold War.
40. Describe the United States after the Cold War.
41. Identify the opportunities posed by the end of the Cold War.
42. Identify the risks posed by the end of the Cold War.
43. Explain how the United States’ foreign policy reflected its drive for security.
“Democracy” in Russia
44. Account for the small size of the middle class in Russia and show its effect on taxes and democracy.
45. Show the difficulties McDonalds faced in maintaining franchises in post-collapse Russia and how McDonalds dealt with it.
The Shia Revival
46. Explain why the Sunnis dislike and distrust the Shias.
47. Explain how the Sunni-Shia rift impacted Lebanese history.
48. Explain how the Sunni-Shia rift impacted Iraqi history.
Information to answer these objectives can be found in lectures and information on Blackboard.
HIST2341 Cold War Unit IV outlines
I. Introduction
II. Carter presidency
A. Vance and Brzezinski
B. missionary diplomacy
C. moral outrage
D. vision
E. micromanaging
III Soviet reaction
A. human rights
B. old and new guard
IV. Soviet Economy
A. successes
B. outproducing US
C. birth rate
D. Western industrial models
E. internal distress
V. Carter's successes
A. SALT II
B. China
C. Camp David
D. Panama canal
VI. Problems with Carter’s policy
A. consistency
B. Human rights
C. hostages
1. Shah and SAVAK
D. Afghanistan
1. background
2. Soviet troops
3. Taliban
4. terrorists
5. drug money
6. Carter’s reaction
7 Dollar diplomacy
E. Nicaragua
F. buildup
G. Directive
Reagan Confrontation and Metamorphosis
I. Cold warrior
A. Weinberger
B. Negotiations
C. Reagan in charge
II. Military buildup
A. why
B. SDI
C. use of force
D. Weinberger’s conditions
E. CIA
F. Low Intensity conflicts-Irangate
III. Reagan's metamorphosis
A. negotiate from strength
B. arms control
C. reduction of arms vs. limitation
IV. Gorbachev
A. Third world
B. intermediate range missiles
C. Rearrangement of top leadership
C. Perestroika
1. elite
2. stratified society
3. Stalin
D. Economic response
1. Anti-alcoholic drive
2. ruble
3. developing nation
4. national market
V. Breakup of Soviet Union
A. minority republics
B. 1991 treaty
1. Yeltsin
C. force
I. Introduction
II. East Europe 1989-90
A. Soviet system
B. pride
C. expense
D. communism imposed
E. Sinatra doctrine
F. East European leaders
G. ethnic rivalries
H. Eastern European trade
III. Poland as a test case
A. peasant agriculture
B. prices and strikes
C. Gerek borrows
D. agriculture
E. debt
F. prices raised
G. Solidarity
H. Prices
I. trade with Soviet Union
IV. East Germany
V. Yugoslavia
A. salaries drop
B. divisions-Kavodarci
C. paralysis
D. Yugoslav economy
E. breakup of Yugoslavia
1. Slovenia and Croatia
2. Germany
3. US and SU
E. Bosnia
1. divided
2. EC
3. ethnic cleansing
4. final peace plan
5. Milosovic
F. Kosovo
1. Serbs
2. air power alone
3. success
G. Allied differences
1. French position
2. humanitarian aid
3. UN the target
VI. Eastern Europe after the Cold War
A. debt
B. Western firms
C. nationalism
D. shock therapy
E. environment
F. borders
G. Western policy
Middle East at the End of the Cold War
I. Introduction
A. domination by foreign powers
B. human rights
C. citizenship and nationality
D. Imposing culture
II. Treaty of Versailles
A. treason of Trianon
B. borders
C. tribes
D. rulers and legitimacy
E. Israel
III. Israel
A. globalists vs realists
B. Kennedy
C. Johnson
D. Soviet Union
IV. Two Pillars Policy
A. Iran and Saudi Arabia
B. Buying arms
C. Western ideas
D. Yom Kippur War
E. Nixon Doctrine
V. Iraq
A. Hotbed
B. Saddam
C. Iraq-Iran war
D. Kuwait Aug. 1990
E. Third World reaction
F. Bush reacts
G. International aggression
H. double standard
VI. Iraqi nuclear weapons
A. French reactor
B. Before Gulf War inspection has few teeth
C. Old technology
D. biological weapons
E. WMD vs. terror regime
VII. Afghanistan
A. religious Islam vs. secular
Nationalism
B. Iranian revolution
C. Pashtunism
D. Bin Laden
E. CIA
F. heroin
G. Taliban
I. Is it over?
A. was it ideological?
B. was it power struggle?
C. Third power
D. SU gets what she wants
E. US gets what she wants
II. Soviet Union after Cold War
A. economy
B. Chinese threat
C. intellectual challenge
D. energy crisis
E. nationalism
F. strains
III. United States after Cold War
A. debt
B. European partners
C. Japanese
D. strains
IV. Opportunities
A. Arms reduction
B. global problems
C. unintentional war
D. Latin America
E. Middle East
V. Risks
A. solvency
B. peace in Europe
C. reunited Germany
D. Superpower arsenals
E. volatile areas
F. Soviet union break up Dec 1991
VI. Security
A. Lord Palmerston
B. national interest
C. democratic governments
D. trade
E. wars
F. threats
VII. Evaluation
F. threats
VII. Evaluation