Review Sheet 1 Chapter 1-5.4 General notes: 1) In general, use the summaries and checkpoints, they are pretty good. 2) Read the handouts and think about the stories used in class. 3) be sure to pickout words from the chapter that you don't know and learn their meaning. 4) Remember, recognizing something doesn't mean that you know about it... The following are some things to highlight (or ignore). ++++++++++++++++++++++++ CH 1 use the check points, tables and summaries... some words: immunology, epidemiology, biotechnology, genetic engineering, biotechnology, eukaryote, prokaryote, pathogen, virus, Know the major groups that comprise the "micro-organisms" Know the top microorganism-caused world wide diseases based on statistics what kinds of things are visiable with the naked eye, light microscope, electron microscope? Be able to discuss the changes and rammifications of those changes in health practices between ancient and more modern times. Think about the problems of teaching and changing the perceptions of the general public as health knowledge changes. Of the famous scientists/microbiologists- know who and what these guys are famous for: Aristotle, VanLeeuwenhook, Koch, Jenner, Pasteur, Lister, Hooke, Redi, de Lodi, Semmelweiss Think about scientific method and also Koch's postulates What is the germ theory of disease? Think in general about taxonomy and its uses and how we apply/determine it, no need to memorize all the various specific divisions, classes, orders or families.-- be sure you know the taxa and their order are used in classification: Domain --> Kingdom --> Phylum (division) --> class --> order --> family --> genus --> species note: It is NOT SET IN STONE! always up for revision as new data is evaluated. ++++++++++++++++++++++++ Ch 2 use the check points, tables and summaries... some words: polar, non-polar, ionic bond, covalent bond, hydrophobis, hydrophilic, acid, base, buffer, pH, element, proton, neutron, electron, carbohydrate, lipid, protein, nucleic acid. what major particles make up atoms? Know what ionic and covalent bonds are what is polar vs non-polar? what is hydrophilic/hydrophobic? why is it such an important concept especially in living cells. what is acid, base, pH? know Table 2.3, This means know the white-boxed groups, what names and what classes of compounds they comprise. (example: ----- O-H are hydroxyls, they are associated with alcohols (beer?) and carbohydrates..) know table 2.4 (example: lipds are found in oils...) what do proteins do? lipids? carbohydrates? nucleic acids? what is ATP? know about the molecular membane model. know about dna structure (what is GENERAL structure of nucleic acids? see fig 2.23 be able to compare prokarotes with eukaryotes with virus (see table 2.6) ++++++++++++++++++++++++0 Ch 3 Microbial Study Methods use the check points, tables and summaries... some words: innoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, identification, media, colony, streak, selective, inhibitory, enrichment, defined, differential, contaminated, wavelength, resolution, oil immersion, magnification, staining, microscopy, negative stain, positive stain, know the 5 Is know in general the difference between enrichment, selective, differential medias the microscope- its history, limitations and impacts on science table 3.5 know microscope types and what they are used for ( no worries about specific max mag or resolution for each one) what about immersion oil? why and what know what a stain is and what it can be used for. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Ch 4 Prokaryotes use the check points, tables and summaries... some words: prokaryotic, flagella, -trichious, glycocalyx, pili, fimbriae, endospore, conjugation, capsule, gram stain, peptidoglycan, gram-negative, gram-positive, membrane, chromosome, plasmids, ribosome, 30S, 50S, 70S, pathogenic what is a prokaryote? what characteristics do they have? not have? what kinds of structures do they have? (look at Fig 4.1) what are examples of prokaryotes? who are the Archae? what are their chacteristics? no worries about learning table 4.3 what about rickettsia? chlamydias? are all bacteria pathogenic? what are some ways of calssifying bacteria? (phenotypic and molecular) G- vs G+ (gram negative vs gram positive) from table 4.4 name 3 gram+ organisms and their diseases/ 3 gram(-) organisms and their diseases, what is important about mycoplasma? what about green and purple sulfur bacteria? +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Ch 5 Eukaryotes use the check points, tables, summary. some words: eukaryote, organelle, fungi, protozoa, symbiosis, cilia, flagella, glycocalyx, mitosis, meiosis, cytoskeleton, cytoplasmic streaming, cytoskeleton, heterotroph, saprobe (again), mycelium, hyphae, sporangium, conidia, zygospore, sexual spore, asexual spore, basidiospore, algae, protist, trophozoite, cyst, helminth, cestode, nematode, parasitic table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 difference between prokaryote and eukaryotes Fungi- major types, general reproductive strategies, 4 major groups (via sexual spore type): zygomycota, ascomycota, basidiomycota, amastigomycota (only asexual). Importance of fungi. what kinds of shapes do algae have? what kinds of nutrition and distribution do alga have? (remember wavelength of light in water vs color of pigments...) what do protozoa look like (in general) how do they feed and where do they live? how do they reproduce? 4 major grtoups based on reproduction and locomotion: Mastigophora (flagella), Sarcodina (amoebas w/ psudopods), Ciliophora (cilia), Apicomplexia (unique reproductive "complexia" structures) Helminths 3 categories or round, tape(flat), and flukes be able to name some pathogenic protozoans, pathogenic helminths