STUDY
GUIDE –
Spring/Summer 2011
HIST
1302 ONL
Dr. T. Thomas
History is not
about “memorizing” data, facts, names, and dates. History is about knowing and understanding
the past and its impact on the present: what happened, when and where, who was involved, what motivated the participants, why events happened, and the consequences of these
events/actions. So in order to be
successful in this course, you must know the “who, what, when, where and why”
but also the “connections” between people and events, the “motivations”, and
the “consequences (short-term and long-term)” of the events of the past.
Memorizing can be
helpful, but it will not give you a complete understanding of history.
The questions in
this Study Guide are designed to help you achieve a greater understanding of the past. Some of the questions are easy to answer;
some require you to analyze what you have read and arrive at the best
answer. Some answers are short; some are
long.
The study
questions in this guide are provided to help you achieve success on the exams
and in this course and are not to be
turned in to Dr. Thomas.
With this in
mind, here are some other suggestions for achieving success in this course:
v
Read
the chapter first, to get a good overview
of what the chapter is about. Pay attention to the chapter subheadings
(subtitles). They are often clues to the
important themes of a chapter. Similarly, pay attention to the opening
paragraph of each section - here you will usually find the thesis, or "main point" of a section.
v
Then
read the chapter again, answering the study questions.
v
Write short answers to each of these study
questions. Some students use index cards, writing one question/answer on each
card. Don't just highlight the answers in your textbook - write them.
v
Read
with a dictionary. Look up any word
whose meaning you do not know.
v
Approach
this course as you would a job. Set aside a specific time each day - or every
other day - to work on reading and study questions. This is your work schedule; honor it as you
would your job schedule.
v
Work
on the reading and study questions gradually, completing small amounts of work
each day (or every other day). Research
shows that people retain information better if they work for no more than 2
hours at one task. For example, on
Mondays from 2-4 pm, read half the chapter.
On Tuesday, read the other half.
On Wednesday, write out the first 20 study questions; on Thursday, the
next 20, and so on. Don't try to do all the reading and the study questions the
night before the exam.
"Cramming" is not an effective, nor is it a successful study
method.
v
If
possible, form a study group with 2 or 3 other students. Work together to find answers, quiz each
other, and offer general support. Study
groups are a proven, effective means of studying.
v
If you have any trouble finding answers, or if you are unsure of
your answers, contact Dr. Thomas for clarification.
Exam Strategy
Suggestion:
The first exam
(Map Test) is pretty easy - so don't spend more than a couple of hours studying
for it. However, the other four exams are much harder. Take the Map Test
within the first few days of the semester then spend most of your time
on the other four exams!
Exam questions
will be taken from these study questions. For each exam, there are Unit Study
Questions, beginning with Unit 1 below.
UNIT 1 (MAP TEST)
Because the
history of the
When you go to
the
You should be
able to locate all of these on a map:
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All 50 states by name |
All
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You can quiz yourself on the location of all 50 STATES, using this Online Map Test Practice. In addition to the states, make sure you also
know the cities, rivers, lakes, and oceans listed above.
UNIT 2 (Chapters 17 - 20)
Chapter
17 – The Contested West, 1870 - 1900
1.
Describe President Grant’s “peace
policy” and its impact on Native Americans.
2. Explain how Native American tribal life
came to an end by the 1890s.
3. Discuss the intent and the consequences
of the Dawes Act of 1887.
4. Describe
the non-violent form of resistance employed by Native Americans on the Plains
by the 1880s.
5. Identify
the 1890 event that signaled the end of Indian resistance in the West.
6. Describe a typical mining town of the
“Wild West”.
7. Explain the federal government’s policy
of “benign neglect” of the western territories.
8. Define “buffalo soldier”.
9. Define “nativism” and describe how it
affected Chinese settlers in
10. Discuss the factors that stimulated a
land rush in the trans-Mississippi West.
11. Name the largest corporate landowners in
the West.
12. Locate the last
13. Identify
the invention that revolutionized cattle ranching and discuss how it changed
cattle ranching.
14. Define “vaquero” and discuss the
fate of the vaqueros by the 1880s.
15. Discuss the factors that transformed
family farms into “agribusiness”.
Chapter
18 – Business & Politics in the Gilded Age, 1870-1895
16. Identify the theme(s) of
Mark Twain and Charles Warner’s The Gilded Age.
17. Name the man who
pioneered the nation’s first big business.
18. Discuss how the federal
government aided the development of the railroads.
19. Show how the stock market
played a key role in the growth of industry
20. Name the man who came to
dominate the steel industry and describe how he did it.
21. Name
the man who came to dominate the oil industry and describe how he did it.
22. Discuss the impact of
“mass production” on Americans in the Gilded Age.
23. Identify the inventions
that most revolutionized Americans’ lives in the Gilded Age.
24. Define finance capitalism
and name
25. Explain the difference(s)
between an oligopoly and a monopoly.
26. Define social Darwinism and discuss how
it was used to glorify great wealth and curb social reform.
27. Discuss how the U.S.
Supreme Court supported the rise of corporate capitalism.
28. Show how religion and ethnicity played a
significant role in Gilded Age politics.
29. List the characteristics
of the “New South”.
30. Discuss Ida Wells’
campaign against racism in the New South.
31. Explain how civil service
reform helped break the power of the party “bosses” in the Gilded Age.
32. Identify the federal legislative attempts
to curb the power of big business on behalf of the public interest.
Chapter
19 – The City & Its Workers, 1870-1900
33. Compare
34. Name the author whose novels encouraged
belief in a “rags to riches” dream for immigrants in
35. Describe the social
geography of American cities in the Gilded Age.
36. Define plutocracy and show
how
37. Enumerate the increase in
child labor by 1900.
38. Compare the working
patterns/opportunities of white and African American women.
39. Explain the rise of the
“managerial” class of workers by 1900.
40. List the major labor
unions and their leaders.
41. Discuss the consequences of the May 4,
1886 events in
42. Define the “cult of
domesticity”
43. Name the pastime that
united city-dwellers across class lines.
44. Describe how municipal
governments improved city life.
45. Define political party
“boss” and “machine”.
Chapter
20 – Dissent, Depression, & War, 1890-1900
46. Explain the goal(s) of the Populist (People’s)
Party.
47. Identify the problems and issues facing
farmers.
48. List the components of the Populists’
plan/platform to help farmers.
49. Identify the problems and issues facing
industrial laborers.
50. Discuss the consequences of the Homestead
Steel strike.
51. Name
the event that demonstrated the pivotal power of the state in the nation’s
labor wars.
52. Explain how the “injunction” was used to
break the
53. Name the founder of the Socialist Party.
54. List
the major issues central to the work of women activists.
55. Explain
Frances Willard’s use of the “cult of domesticity” to argue for woman suffrage.
56. Identify the most prominent issue of the
presidential election of 1896, championed by the
Populists.
57. Identify the factors that prompted
58. Discuss the consequences of John Hay’s
Open Door policy in
59. Explain why the
60. Describe the new American “empire” that
resulted from the Treaty of Paris in 1898.
UNIT 3 (Chapters 21 - 24)
Chapter
21 – Progressivism from the Grass Roots to the White House, 1890-1916
1. Explain what Jane Addams and the other
reformers who lived at Hull House hoped to accomplish.
2. Identify the general goals
that characterized the Progressive movement.
3. Discuss how Progressive
reformers sought to attack the problems in the cities.
4. Compare the meaning of
"social gospel" with "gospel of wealth".
5. List the contributions of the WTUL to
the Triangle Shirtwaist Company strike of 1909-1910.
6. Identify the various strands of the
reform Darwinism theory that served as a foundation for Progressive
"pragmatism".
7. Name the two Progressive
philosophers who originated the idea of pragmatism.
8. Explain Teddy Roosevelt's
trust policy and how he enforced it.
9. Name the pioneering photojournalist and
the book he wrote to draw attention to the squalor of
10. List the legislative
accomplishments of
11. Discuss how the
12. Describe William Howard
Taft's foreign policy.
13. Identify the
14. Identify the groups left
out of Progressive reforms and show how they were left out .
15. Discuss the leadership
and the goals of the Niagara Movement.
Chapter
22 – World War I: The Progressive Crusade at Home & Abroad, 1914-1920
16. Identify Woodrow
17. Name the Mexican rebel leader
who eluded capture by the U.S. Army.
18. List the members of the
Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente (the “Allies”).
19. Discuss
20. Describe how German
“unrestricted submarine warfare” violated “traditional” rules of war.
21. Explain why the
U.S.entered World War I.
22. Describe how American
military training camps were like “national universities”.
23. Discuss how the
24. Describe the consequences
of wartime mobilization for
25. Discuss the wartime
contributions of women at home and on the battle front.
26. Discuss the wartime role
of the Committee on Public Information.
27. Show how the map of
28. Discuss Senate opposition
to membership in the
29. Identify the leader and
the causes of the “Red Scare” of 1919.
30. Discuss the consequences
of wartime migration for African Americans.
31. Describe the experiences
of Mexican immigrants to the
Chapter
23 – From the New Era to the Great Depression, 1920-1932
32. Identify the Harding
administration policies intended to boost American enterprise.
33. Show how
34. Name the “keystone”
industry of the American economy in the 1920s and what made it so successful.
35. Define “welfare
capitalism” and explain its purpose.
36. Describe the consequences
of Prohibition.
37. Analyze women activists’
failure to achieve their political agenda in the 1920s.
38. Discuss the “black
nationalist” philosophy of Marcus Garvey.
39. Explain the alienation
felt by the “Lost Generation” of artists and writers.
40. Explain the significance
of Sacco and Vanzetti.
41. Show how the Scopes
“Monkey” Trial symbolized the conflict between urban and rural
42. Name the candidates and
the outcome of the 1928 presidential election.
43. Discuss the domestic economic
problems evident in
44. Explain the cause(s) of
the Great Depression.
45. Discuss the consequences
of the Great Depression for Mexican Americans.
Chapter
24 – The New Deal Experiment, 1932-1939
46. Describe
the
47. Analyze the impact of polio on
the life of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
48. Explain how FDR's political
beliefs and style contrasted with conservatives' "laissez-faire"
approach.
49. Analyze the major issues in the
1932 national election.
50. Describe the factions within the
Democratic Party as the 1932 presidential election approached.
51. Enumerate
52. Identify the economic area in
which the
53. Discuss how the New Deal sought
to help farmers.
54. Summarize
the opposition to the New Deal from the right and from the left.
55. Describe the goals and work of
the American Communist Party during the Depression.
56. Name
the New Deal’s most prominent critics and their messages.
57. Describe the New Deal’s
political and legislative support for labor and the New Deal’s impact on labor
unions
58. Identify
the single most important program of the New Deal’s welfare state, its
supporters,and its opponents.
59. Analyze
the goals and consequences of
60. Analyze the achievements and
limits of the New Deal in ending the Depression.
UNIT 4 (Chapters 25
- 27)
Chapter
25 – The
1. Discuss
FDR’s “Good Neighbor Policy” and its consequences.
2. Describe
the events in Europe and Asia that threatened world peace and the
3. Discuss
how the Neutrality Acts of the 1930s helped pave the way for World War II.
4. Discuss
the
5. Characterize
the relationship between
6. Explain
how the Lend-Lease program propelled the
7. Discuss
the consequences of the Japanese attack on
8. Identify
the Axis powers.
9. Identify
the
10. Analyze
the impact of WWII on the
11. Locate
the Pacific theater battle that proved to be a turning point in the Allies’ war
against
12. Analyze
the importance of the Allies’ plan to open a “second front” in the war against
13. Analyze
the experiences of WWII for African Americans in the
14. Analyze
the experiences of WWII for women in the
15. Describe
the GI “Bill of Rights”.
16. Discuss
the
17. Evaluate
the results of the “D-Day” invasion.
18. Discuss
President Truman’s decision to use the atomic bomb.
Chapter
26 – Cold War Politics in the Truman Years, 1945-1953
19. Identify the problems Harry
Truman faced as "an accidental president."
20. Explain the concept of a
"Cold War" and the issues that led to the deterioration of U.S.- Soviet relations at the end of WWII.
21. Describe the concept of
"containment".
22. Explain
what was meant by an "Iron Curtain” in
23. Explain the "domino
theory" and the Truman Doctrine.
24. Explain the purpose and outcome
of the Marshall Plan and analyze the Soviet response.
25. Identify the Berlin Blockade and
the
26. Analyze the concepts of “nuclear
deterrence”, "collective security," and NATO.
27. Identify the new federal
agencies created by the National Security Act of 1947.
28. Characterize
the foreign policy challenges faced by Truman in
29. Evaluate the successes and
failures of Truman's "Fair Deal."
30. Explain the problems of
converting from a wartime to a peacetime economy.
31. Identify
the major participants and activities of the post-war civil rights movements of
Mexican Americans and African Americans.
32. Explain
the Taft-Hartley Act’s impact on organized labor.
33. Explain the problems President
Truman faced in the 1948 presidential election.
34. Define
“Dixiecrats” and identify prominent Dixiecrats.
35. Explain
the rise and fall of “McCarthyism” in the
36. Analyze the impact of
McCarthyism on American society.
37. Explain
the issues and participants in the Korean War and why it was officially a
"U.N. police action."
38. Identify the issues and the
candidates in the 1952 presidential election.
Chapter 27 – The Politics
& Culture of Abundance, 1952-1960
39. Describe
the postwar ”consumer culture” and its values.
40. Analyze President Dwight D. Eisenhower's
"middle way" and "modern Republicanism" in domestic
politics.
41. Describe the issues raised in
the 1956 presidential election.
42. Identify John Foster Dulles and
the policies of brinksmanship and massive retaliation.
43. Trace
the origins of
44. Explain the role of the C.I.A.
in foreign policy during the Eisenhower administration.
45. Identify the Suez Crisis
and the
46. Identify Nikita Kruschev,
47. Explain
the impact of the Sputnik satellite on American society.
48. Discuss
the results of the 1960 U-2 spy plane incident.
49. Explain what Eisenhower
meant when he warned Americans not to allow the "military-industrial
complex" to become overly powerful.
50. Identify the demographic
groups and regions that most benefited from changes in the economy in the 1940s
and 1950s.
51. Analyze postwar
demographic trends, including the rise of new suburbs and the shift in
population to the Sun Belt.
52. Identify the impact of the bracero program on Mexican immigrants.
53. Explain the increase in women’s
participation in the workforce.
54. Explain the growing
importance of television in shaping American values and attitudes.
55. Identify the critics
of the new consumer culture of the 1950s.
56. Discuss the
objectives, victories, and failures of the civil rights movement in the 1950s.
57. Identify
the NAACP’s legal strategy in the civil rights movement.
58. Discuss
the use of peaceful, non-violent resistance as a method employed by civil
rights activists.
UNIT 5 (Chapters 28 – 31)
Chapter
28 – Reform, Rebellion, & Reaction, 1960-1974
1. Explain
the “liberal faith” philosophy of the Democratic administrations of the 1960s.
2. Evaluate
John F. Kennedy’s success in the 1960 presidential election and identify his
opponent.
3. Identify
the Warren Commission and its purpose.
4. Identify
Lyndon Johnson’s legislative efforts to declare “war on poverty”.
5. Discuss
the Great Society’s efforts to end racial discrimination.
6. Discuss
the organizations and tactics employed in the freedom struggle led by African
Americans.
7. Describe
the goals of black nationalism.
8. Explain
the goals and tactics of Native American activists.
9. Discuss
the leadership, organizations and goals of the Latino civil rights movement.
10. Describe
the objectives and organization(s) of the student activists of the 1960s.
11. Identify the event that served
as a catalyst for the gay rights movement of the 1960s.
12. Describe
the goals of the women’s liberation movement and the anti-feminist
countermovement.
13. Summarize the factors that led
to the electoral success of Richard Nixon in 1968.
Chapter
29 –
14. Describe
the foreign policy consequences of the
15. Discuss
Kennedy’s response to the Berlin Crisis.
16. Define
the Kennedy administration foreign policy strategy of “flexible response”.
17. Discuss
the outcomes of the Cuban Missile Crisis.
18. Explain
Kennedy's decision to expand
19. Explain
Lyndon Johnson's decision to expand
20. Describe
the demographic composition of
21. Explain
the significance of “body counts” and “kill ratios” in the
22. Identify
the forms of opposition used by anti-war protestors.
23. Analyze
how the year 1968 marked a turning point in the Vietnam War.
24. Analyze
Richard Nixon’s victory in the 1968 presidential election.
25. Define
Nixon's policy of dètente toward
26. Discuss
Nixon's strategy for ending the Vietnam War.
27. Explain
the passage of the War Powers Act in 1973.
28. Discuss
the impact of the Vietnam War on American society and politics.
Chapter
30 –
29. Identify
the goals of the New Right and other post-war conservatives.
30. Explain
the role played by President Nixon in the Watergate scandal.
31. Assess the outcomes of the
Watergate controversy.
32. Explain
the challenges of Gerald Ford's presidency.
33. Analyze
Jimmy Carter's domestic challenges.
34. Evaluate
Jimmy Carter’s foreign affairs successes and failures.
35. Discuss
the reasons for Ronald Reagan's victory in the 1980 presidential election.
36. Discuss
the Reagan administration theory of “supply-side” economics.
37. Describe
the consequences of Reagan’s conservative “trickle-down” economics policies.
38. Name
the first women appointed to the Supreme Court.
39. Identify
the issue that prompted the growth of gay rights activism during the Reagan
era.
40. Discuss Reagan's approach to foreign and military affairs.
41. Summarize
the elements of glasnost, as promoted
by the
Chapter
31 – The End of the Cold War & The Challenges of Globalization: Since 1989
42. Analyze how
George H. W. Bush straddled the moderate and conservative positions of the
Republican party.
43. Discuss the
circumstances that led to
44. Name the
recipient of the 1990 Nobel Prize for Peace.
45. Explain the
consequences of the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe for the former
46. Analyze the
major issues and the outcome of the 1992 presidential campaign.
47. Identify the
major policy initiatives of President Clinton's first term.
48. Identify the
executive branch gains made by women during the first
49. Explain the
events that led to
50. List the characteristics
of the economy during the
51. Define
“globalization” and discuss its characteristics and limitations in the late 20th
century.
52. Discuss the
role of the
53. Analyze
native-born Americans' attitudes toward immigration in the 1980s and 1990s.
54. Describe the
controversy surrounding the outcome of the presidential election of 2000.
55. Explain what
George W. Bush meant when he described himself as a "compassionate conservative."
56. Discuss
President Bush’s efforts to co-opt traditionally Democratic Party issues.
57. Evaluate the
effects on
September
11, 2001.