1. What happended when Euro-americans overran Native American lands?
2. What caused decimation of buffalo herds on the Great Plains?
3. What was the Ghost Dance and what was its importance after 1889?
4. What was the purpose of the Dawes Act?
5. What was the most prevalent ethnic group working in the western mines?
6. What group was most enriched by the wealth of the Nevada silver mines?
7. Why did the federal government do little to halt corruption in the western territories?
8. What is the best way to characterize the federal government's policy towrad territorial governments in the west?
9. What two factors stimulated the trans-Mississippi land rush?
10. What were the provisions of the 1862 Homestead Act?
11. How did the passage of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act affect Chinese immigration in the 1880s-90s?
12. What was daily life like for women on the western frontier?
13. What was the most prevalent source of heating and cooking fuel on the Plains?
14. What was the experience of African American cowboys in the West?
15. How did fencing of formerly free range land affect small ranchers?
16. What affect did settlement of the Far West have on Hispanics in the southwest and California?
17. How did the development of agribusiness create impediments to people owning self-sufficient family farms?
18. What affect did novels and theatrical spectacles have on creating a mythology of the west?
1. What is meant by the term 'Gilded Age'? What demographic and economci factors were responsible for creating this era?
2. Know who these industrialts/inventors were and with what industry they were associated: Andrew Carnegie, John Rockefeller, J. P. Morgan, Alexander G. Bell.
3. know these terms: trust; holding company; monopoly; vertical ingetration; interlocking directorship.
4. How did industrialists such as Carnegie and Rockefeller treat their workers?
5. What was significant about the "Bessemer process" of steel making?
6. What theory was promoted in 'social Darwinism'?
7. How did the Supreme Court use the doctrine of laissez-faire to promote big business during the Gilded Age?
8. Why was voting turnout high in the late nineteenth century?
9. What reform movements allowed women to have indirect political influence during the late nineteenth century?
10. Who was Ida B. Wells and what was her cause?
11. What was the purpose of the 1883 Pendleton Act?
12. How did President Garfield's assassination aid the cause of civil service reform?
13. How did the debate over tariffs divide the nation? Who tended to support protective tariffs?
14. Why did tariffs pose a threat to the nation's prosperity by the 1880s?
15. What was the purpose and effect of the Interstate Commerce Commission?
16. What were arguments for and against bimetallism during the Gilded Age? What was the"'crime of '73"?
17. How did the Cleveland administration react to the economic depression of the 1890s?
1. What was the symbolic importance of the Brooklyn Bridge (completed in 1883)?
2. What caused urban population to increase rapidly in the late 19th century?
3. What were the characteristics of the global economy in 1900? (i.e., functions of industrial core, agricultural core, colonialism)
4. From what parts of the world did most immigrants come between 1870 and 1900?
5. How did technological advances and mechanization influence industrialists' decisions in hiring their workforces?
6. What groups were most affected by racism in the late 19th century?
7. How did industrialists use the theory of social Darwinism to justify their dominance and power?
8. What group made up the backbone of Amerian labor throughout the 19th century?
9. Why did inner cities tend to be filled with the poor?
10. What did Jacob Riis hope to accomplish by publishing How the Other Half Lives?
11. What group of workers were most impacted by the new business office that included typewriters and adding machines?
12. Wath were the goals of the Knights of Labor?
13. Who organized and who attended the Haymarket gathering in Chicago in 1886?
14. What shifts took place in working class courtship rituals in urban America during the Gilded Age?
15. What did Coney Island symbolize by the late 1800s?
16.What was the function of a 'city boss' from the 1870s to 1900?
17. What were two elements about public education in American cities that made that institution remarkable?
18. What event happened at the "White City" in Chicago?
1. What was at the root of farmers' dissatisfaction in the late nineteenth century?
2. From what group did the 'People's Party' emerge in 1892?
3. Know the signficance of these labor struggles: Pullman strike; Homestead strike; Cripple Creek strike.
4. What were advantages and disadvantages to living in a company town?
5. What was the goal of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union?
6. What was the goal of the National Woman Suffrage Association?
7. What state was the first to allow women to vote?
8. What percentage of the labor force was unemployed by the Depression of 1893?
9. Who delivered the famous "cross of gold" speech in 1896?
10.What argument was used to advocate U.S. territorial expansion in the 1890s?
11. What was paradoxical about U.S. foreign policy in the 1890s?
12. What role did Christian missionary work play in American imperialism?
13. How did President Cleveland test the Monroe Doctrine in 1895?
14. What was at stake for the U.S. in the Spanish-American War?
15. Who was the 'most famous man in America' after the Spanish-American War?
16. What territories did the U.S. gain as a result of the Spanish-American War?
17. What prevented the U.S. from easily gaining control in the Philippines?
18. What was the Open Door policy?
19. What arguments did anti-imperialists make against the U.S. acquiring overseas territories?
1. What was the social purity movement?
2. At what level -- grassroots or federal -- did the progressive movement begin?
3. What was the subject of the book Twenty Years at Hull House?
4. What was the issue in Muller versus Oregon and what was the significance of the ruling?
5. What was significant about the 1909 strike against the Triangle Shirtwaist Company?
6. How did Robert LaFollette, as governor of Wisconsin, unify people?
7. What was President Theodore Roosevelt's response to the 1902 coal miners' strike?
8. What was the significance of the 1906 Hepburn Act?
9. Who were 'muckrakers'?
10. With regard to natural resources, what was the difference between conservationists and preservationists?
11.What branch of government did President Taft believe should be responsible for arbitrating social issues?
12. What was Roosevelt's approach to foreign policy and what were significant achievements for his foreign policy?
13. For what achievement did Roosevelt win the Nobel Peace Prize?
14. What was 'dollar diplomacy' (Taft)?
15. What party dynamics were in play that helped Woodrow Wilson win the presidency in 1912?
16. What was the philosophy behind President Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom"?
17. Why did President Wilson support the Keating-Owen Act of 1916 and other social reform legislation?
18. With what cause was Margaret Sanger associated and what legal challenges did she face?
19. With what cause were Alice Paul and Carrie C. Catt associated?
20. How did the philosophies of W. E. B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington differ?
1. What previous administrative experience did Woodrow Wilson have before becoming president of the U.S.?
2. What was President Wilson's attitude about moral leadership on the part of the U.S.?
3. What was President Wilson's attitude toward Latin America?
4. Who was Pancho Villa?
5. How did the United States initially respond to outbreak of war in Europe in 1914?
6. How did Wilson respond to the sinking of the Lusitania?
7. What was the Zimmermann Telegram and how did the Wilson administration respond to it?
8. What new technologies were introduced by the Germans during the World War I?
9. How did the Wilson administration ensure loyalty of immigrants during World War I?
10. What was the purpose of the 18th and 19th constitutional amendments and how did wartime promote their passage?
11. How were anti-espionage and sedition laws used by the U.S. government during the war?
12. What was the purpose of the Committee on Public Information?
13. What changes came about for African Americans and Hispanics as a result of the war?
14. What were the main achievements/disappointments of the Treaty of Versailles?
15. Why did President Wilson support the League of Nations? Why did the Senate reject the idea?
16. What was the labor situation in the U.S. immediately after the war ended?
17. What was the experience of Mexican immigrants in the southwestern part of United States after World War I?
18. What was the 'Red Scare' of 1919-1920?
19. What did President Warren Harding means when he called for a "return to normalcy" after his election in 1920?
1. What did Herbert Hoover mean when he used the term "new era" to describe the 1920s?
2. How was President Harding's administration affected by scandal?
3. What was welfare capitalism and by whom was it created?
4. Whata change in attitude toward progressive reform was indicated by the election of Calvin Coolidge in 1924 ?
5. What relatively new industry linked consumerism to fulfillment of spiritual and emotional needs in the 1920s ?
6. What impact did the automobile industry have on American life in the twenties?
7. What were the characteristics of the "new woman"?
8. What did the flapper symbolize in 1920s culture?
9. What was the conclusion of the 1929 sociological study called Middletown?
10. What was the most popular form of entertainment during the 1920s?
11. What group of people were dubbed the "Lost Generation" by Gertrude Stein? Why were they "lost"?
12. Who was Marcus Garvey and what was the purpose of his Universal Negro Improvement Association?
13. What was the issue in the 1925 Scopes Trial?
14. What was Charles Lindbergh's 1927 achievement?
15. What were the issues/outcome of the Sacco and Vanzetti trial?
16. What characterized the distribution of wealth in America when Herbert Hoover became president?
17. How did President Herbert Hoover respond to the economic crisis after the 1929 stock market crash?
18. What types of people were hit hardest by the onset of the Great Depression?
19. How did the Communist Party USA involve itself in the "Scottsboro Boys" case of 1931?
1. What was Franklin D. Roosevelt's greatest challenge in winning the 1932 presidential campaign?
2. What was the title President Roosevelt adopted for his program of recovery?
3. What underlying political/economic principle(s) guided the government's actions in the 1930s (e.g., was it socialism, capitalism, etc)?
4. Identify the purpose/achievement of these programs/acts:
a. FERA (Federal Emergency Relief Administration)
b. REA (Rural Electrification Aadministration)
c. NRA (National Recovery Administration)
d. CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)
e. WPA (Works Progress Administration)
f. Social Security Act
g. Fair Labor Standards Act
5. Who was the woman who became the New Deal's unoffical ambassador?
6. What was the New Deal's impact on ethnic minorities and women?
7. What protest technique was used by striking workers at General Motors in 1937?
8. What happened to FDR's plan to restructure the Supreme Court?
9. What groups tended to oppose the New Deal?
10. What alternative ideas were put forth by Francis Townsend regarding the problems of the Depression?
11. What alternative ideas were put forth by Huey Long regarding the problems of the Depression?
12. What state became the destination for people fleeing the Dust Bowl?
13. How did the 1938 congressional elections change the make-up of the House and Senate?
14. How did the New Deal remain faithful to the ideals of democracy?
1. What was the effect on foreign policy of the 1933 Nyes Committee Report?
2. What nations were turning to fascism, militarism, and violenet nationalism in the 1930s?
3. What was FDR's 'Good Neighbor Policy'?
4. What event caused Britain and France to declare war on Germany in 1939?
5. What was an immediate consequence of the 1939 Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact?
6. What was significant about the Battle of Britain?
7. What was significant about the 1943 allied invasion of Sicily?
8. What did Japan hope to achieve by attacking Pearl Harbor in 1941?
9. What was the significance of the battles in the Coral Sea and at Midway Island (1942)?
10. How did women who remained at home contribute to the war effort?
11. How did members of U. S. ethnic minorities participate in World War II?
12. Why was the U.S. reluctant to accept Jewish refugees?
13. What was Hitler's "final solution"?
14. What political risk did President Roosevelt take by establishing the Committee on Fair Employment Practices to address discrimination?
15. Why was the allied capture of Okinawa in 1944 especially crucial?
16. What was the purpose of the February 1945 Yalta Conference?
17. What role did the U.S. play in organizing the United Nations?
18. What arguments were used to justify the development and use of the atom bomb?
19. In what ways did the U.S. emerge as a world leader after WWII?
1. After World War II, what two factors led to the United States becoming the most powerful nationon the planet?
2. What rivalry was known as the 'Cold War'?
3. What does the term 'Iron Curtain' mean and who coined it?
4. What was the 'domino theory' as presented by President Harry Truman?
5. Why was the National Security Council created?
6. How did the U.S. respond to the Berlin Blockade?
7. How did the U.S. respond to the collapse of the Nationalist government in China?
8. How did the Truman administration respond to the creation of Israel?
9. What were the most significant domestic problems in the U.S. following the end of WWII?
10. How did the G I Bill help boost the U.S. economy?
11. How did President Truman's record on civil rights compare to that of previous presidents?
12. What president issued an executive order to desegregate the armed services?
13. What began to happen to the distribution of political power with the elections of 1946 and 1948?
14. What factors led to Harry Truman's victory in the presidential election of 1948?
15. What was the Taft-Hartley Act? Was it supported by labor unionst?
16. Who was known as an infamous crusader against communism in the U.S. after WWII?
17. How were ordinary people harassed during the anti-Communist scare of the late 1940s and early 1950s?
18. What event triggered U.S./UN intervention in Korea in 1950?
19. What authority did President Truman have in deploying troops to Korea?
20. What was the focus of the 1952 Eisenhower presidential campaign?
1. What were characteristics of President Dwight Eisenhower's 'middle way' approach to politics?
2. What was the Eisenhower policy of 'termination' with regard to Native Americans?
3. Did welfare programs and other federal projects grow or decline during the Eisenhower presidency?
4. What factor was key to President Eisenhower's"New Look" in foreign policy?
5. In what countries did the CIA intervene covertly during the 1950s?
6. How did the U.S. support South Vietnam during the Eisenhower administration?
7. What did President Eisenhower mean by the phrase 'military-industrial complex'?
8. What were Levitt-towns?
9. What types of employment were most common for women in the 1950s?
10.What was the content of most television sit-coms in the 1950s?
11. How was 1950s television programming typically financed?
12. How did higher education become more accessible between 1940 and 1960?
13. How did rock'n'roll challenge social norms in the 1950s?
14. Did Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg (part of the Beat movement) praise or reject mainstream culture?
15. What was the message of Betty Friedan's book, The Feminine Mystique?
16. What doctrine was overturned by the Supreme Court decision Brown versus Board of Education?
17. What precipitated the Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott and what was the outcome?
18. What group was Martin Luther King, Jr. asked to lead in 1957?
19. What group was most responsible for instigating civil rights changes in the 1950s?
1. What twofactors contributed to the Kennedy/Johnson victory in 1960?
2. What social reform initiatives did President Kennedy begin work on in the summer of 1963? Why did he not see them come to fruition?
3. What were the conclusions of the Warren Commission with regard to the assassination of President Kennedy?
4. How were federal funds to be distributed according to the language of the Elementary & Secondary Education Act of 1965 ?
5. What was the purpose of the National Housing Act of 1968?
6. How did the Supreme Court expand the Constitution's promise of equality and individual rights under the leadership of Chief Justic Earl Warren?
7. What was the purpose of the 1961 Freedom Rides organized by the Congress of Racial Equality?
8. What was the goal of the Mississippi Freedom Summer Project in 1964?
9. What was significant about Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act with regard to employment discrimination?
10. How did the 1965 Voting Rights Act increase protection of black voters?
11. What was the goal of the 1968 Civil Rights Act?
12. What position did Stokely Carmichael take on the issue of black separatism?
13. Who was the first president to send Congress a speical message on the condition of the environment?
14. What was the most dramatic action on the part of the American Indian Movement in 1969?
15. Did the 1960s counterculture focus on personal or social/political change?
16. Why did women of color criticize white women's organizations?
17. What was significant about Title IX of the 1972 Education Act?
18. What does the economic term "stagflation" mean?
19. How did the number of government assistance programs change once Richard Nixon became president?
20. What minority group gave President Nixon approval for his policies toward them?
1. What was the objective of the Bay of Pigs invasion?
2. Why was the Berlin Wall built?
3. What was the purpose of the Peace Corps?
4. What characterized the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis?
5. How did the Soviet Union respond to increased U.S. production of inter-continental ballistic missiles (ICBMs)?
6. What was the U. S. rationale for increasing its presence in Vietnam?
7. What about the situation on the ground in Vietnam made U.S. superior technology and fire power ineffective?
8. What was authorized by the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?
9. What was the socioeconomic background of most soldiers in Vietnam?
10. How did women contribute to the American military effort in Vietnam?
11. How did the FBI attempt to disrupt the peace movement?
12. What happened during the 1968 Tet Offensive and why is it considered an important turning point in the Vietnam War?
13. Why did President Johnson's Latin American foreign policy lead to anti-American demonstrations in that region?
14. Why did President Nixon extend the war into Cambodia? What was the reation at home and abroad when it became public knowledge?
15. What happened in the Vietnamese village My Lai that would horrify the American public?
16. What conclusions can be drawn about the effect the Vietnam War had on American internal stability?
17. How did the Nixon administration take advantage of weakening relations between China and the Soviet Union?
18. What was the purpose of the Strategic Arms Limiation Talks (SALT)? What president signed the treaty in 1972?
19. What government policy was criticized in the "Pentagon Papers"?
20. What monument was erected in Washington, D.C., to commemorate Vietnam veterans (1982)?
1. What was Richard Nixon's 'southern strategy' in the 1968 presidential election?
2. Why did the new conservatism of the 1970s reject Great Society philosophy?
3. What did the change in party affiliation of politicians like Strom Thurmond and Jesse Helms indicate about politics in the southern states?
4. When did Americans learn that President Nixon and his associates had used unlawful means to silence critics of the war in Vietnam?
5. What event triggered the Watergate scandal?
6. How did his status as a "Washington outsider" help Jimmy Carter win the presidential election of 1976?
7. What happened at Three Mile Island nuclear facility in 1979?
8. What were the Camp David Accords?
9. What were the provisions of the treaty with Panama promoted by the Carter administration?
10. How did the 1979 Iranian Revolution affect U.S.-Iranian relations? Why was the new Iranian government hostile to the U.S.?
11. When were the American hostages in Tehran released?
12. What was Ronald Reagan's background and what was his appeal in the 1980 presidential election?
13. Who founded the Moral Majority and what was its agenda?
14. What socioeconomic class benefited most from Reagan's economic policies?
15. What effect did deregulation of banking have on the savings & loan industry in the 1980s?
16. What achievements did homosexuals gain during the 1970s-80s?
17. On what issue did feminists and the antifeminsit Reagan administration find common ground?
18. What were the issues and results of the Iran-Contra scandal?
19. What was the status of U.S.-USSR relations at the time Reagan left office in 1989?
1. Why did President George H. W. Bush abandon his "no new taxes" policy?
2. How did President George H. W. Bush differ from his predecessor, President Reagan, when it came to approving government activity in the private sector?
3. How did President Bush utilize his veto power?
4. What was the purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act?
5. What was the purpose of the Family and Medical Leave Act?
6. What happened to the Berlin Wall as a result of the collapse of Soviet control of Eastern Europe (1989)?
7. What were the successes/failures of Operation Desert Storm?
8. How did "New Democrats" represented by the Clinton-Gore ticket in 1992 differ from older incarnations of the Democratic Party?
9. How did President Clinton make his administration "look like America"?
10. What happened to the Independent Counsel Act after the six-year probe into President Clinton's alleged misdeeds?
11. Why did Clinton support the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?
12. Why did the U.S. intervene in Afghanistan in 1998?
13. What event raised hope for peace in Kosovo,Serbia, in 2000?
14. What organization was the target of tens of thousands of protesters in Seattle in November of 1999?
15. How did new communications technology such as the internet impact globalization in the 1990s?
16. To what part(s) of the U.S. did the majority of immigrants go during the 1990s?
17. What two groups made up the majority of immigrants to the U.S during the 1990s?
18. What was George W. Bush's campaign strategy in the presidential election of 2000?
19. What was a major problem with President G. W. Bush's "No Child Left Behind" initiative?
One of the most important consequences of the civil service reform of the 1880s was that
a. businesses became even more influential in politics than before.
b. big business lost its main avenue of wielding political power on the national level.
c. party bosses gained tremendous influence in national politics.
d. with a fair system for placing people in public office, government was run more smoothly, efficiently, and honestly.
Franklin Roosevelt's win in the 1936 election was due to
a. voter apathy.
b. support by business and industrial interests.
c. the popularity of the New Deal and high voter turnout.
d. the fact that is Republican opponent, Alfred Landon, had no real platform.
The civil rights demonstrations in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1963
a. ended with the police attacking the demonstrators.
b. remained peaceful and set the tone for further demonstrations by African Americans.
c. ended with the police protecting the demonstrators from an attack by white supremacists.
d. turned violent when members of the Ku Klux Klan attacked the demonstrators.
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