CHAPTER 9: THE NEW NATION TAKES FORM
George Washington's administration, 1789-1797
- Defining the presidency
The first Congress
- Bill of Rights
- Judiciary Act
- Cabinet positions
Battling political ideologies
-Thomas Jefferson - Secretary of State
- Trust the people
- Weak central government
- Strict construction of the Constitution
- Agrarian
- Pro-French
- Free Trade
- Democratic Republican
- Alexander Hamilton - Secretary of Treasury
- Distrust the people
- Strong central government
- Loose construction of the Constitution
-Tie interests of wealthy to the nation
- Pro-British
- Restricted trade
- Federalists
-Hamilton's financial plans
- Report on Public Credit
- refinance national debt
- federal assumption of state debts
- Bank of the United States
- Report on Manufactures
- protective tariffs
- subsidies to manufactures
-Western issues
- Transportation
- Indian resistance in the Ohio River Valley
- Whiskey Rebellion in western Pennsylvania
- role of Democratic-Republican Society
Foreign affairs during Washington's term
-Neutrality proclamation of 1793
-Response to war between France and Great Britain
-Jay's Treaty 1795
-Evacuation of British troops from Northwest
-Britain refused to address maritime grievances
-Pinckney's Treaty 1795
-Access to Mississippi River at New Orleans
-Definitive border between U.S. and Spanish Florida
Election of 1796
-Rivalry between Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans
John Adams' Administration 1797-1801
-Quasi-war with France
-XYZ Affair
- Alien & Sedition Acts
-Kentucky and Virginia Resolves
CHAPTER 10: REPUBLICANS IN POWER
Election of 1800
- Federalists: John Adams
- Republicans: Thomas Jefferson/Aaron Burr
- Decision in the Houses of Representatives
- The 12th Amendment
Jefferson's administration 1801-09
- 'republican manners'
- Jefferson and Congress
- John Randolph of Roanoke and the Tertium Quids
-Jefferson and the judiciary
-Chief Justice John Marshall
-1801'midnight appointees'
-Marbury vs. Madison
-Judicial review
-Impeachment of Samuel Chase
Louisiana Purchase
-Influence of Haitian Revolution
-Purchase from France
-Lewis and Clark: Corps of Discovery
The enigmatic Aaron Burr
-Duel with Hamilton
-Western 'conspiracy'
-Treason trial
-Self-imposed exile
-Later life
Foreign affairs during Jefferson's administration
-Barbary Pirates war
-Reaction to British-French war
-Embargo Act of 1807
James Madison's administration 1809-1817
-Foreign affairs
-Repeal of the Embargo; passage of the Non-Intercourse Act
-War Hawk Congress and western issues
-War of 1812
-Significant encounters
-In the west
-Defeat of Tecumseh
-Great Lakes
-Chesapeake Bay area
-Baltimore
-"Star-Spangled Banner"
-Washington D.C. burned
-New Orleans
-Treaty of Ghent
-Hartford Convention and demise of Federalists
Domestic issues during Madison's presidency
-American Nationalism
-Henry Clay's 'American System'
-Second Bank of the U.S.
-Protective tariffs
-Internal improvements
-Bonus Bill (John C. Calhoun)
James Monroe's administration 1817-1825
-Panic of 1819
-Missouri Compromise of 1820
-Missouri - first new state carved out of western territory
-Extension of slavery
-Compromise measures
-Missouri - slave state
-Maine - free state
-No slavery north of 36o30' parallel in remaining western territory
Foreign policy during Monroe's presidency
-Adams-Onis Treaty with Spain
-Pacific Northwest
-Florida
-Monroe Doctrine
-Response to European power realignment following Napoleonic Wars
-U.S. would not tolerate interference by European nations in Western Hemisphere
Disputed election of 1824 - first popular vote
-John Quincy Adams
-Henry Clay
-John C. Calhoun
-William Crawford
-Andrew Jackson
John Quincy Adams' administration 1825-29
-Science and technology
-Continuation of Monroe Doctrine
CHAPTER 11: THE EXPANDING REPUBLIC
Nationalism and technology
- Transportation
- National Road
- Canals
- Steamboats
Industrial development
- Lowell's textile mills - steam powered weaving looms
-The 'Mill Girls'
Societal changes
-Immigrants and cities
-Egalitarianism
-Personal habits
-Observations by European visitors
-Alexis de Tocqueville - Democracy in America
-Tension between liberty and equality
-Harriet Martineau - Society in America
-"political invisibility of women"
Politics in Jacksonian America
- Elections of 1828 and 1832
- the 'common man'
- popular campaigning
- nominating conventions
- 'universal' suffrage
- Political parties
-Jacksonian Democrats
-Antimasonic
-Workingman's
-Locofocos
-Nativist
-Liberty
-Whig
The Imperial President
-Split with V-P Calhoun
-Peggy Eaton incident
-Kitchen cabinet politics
-Nullification crisis
-South Carolina and the Tariff of Abomination
-Destruction of abolitionist mail
-Removal of Southeastern Indians
-Trail of Tears
-War on the Bank of the United States
Elections of 1836 and 1840
Martin Van Buren (Dem.)
-Independent Treasury
-William Henry Harrison (Whig)
-First president to die in office
-John Tyler and the BUS
Reform movements in the early 19th century
-Public education and democracy
-Horace Mann and tax supported secular education
-Kindergartens and Elizabeth Peabody
-Female seminaries
-Catherine and Mary Beecher
-Mary Lyon
-Emma Willard
-Perkins School for the Blind
-Gallaudet School for the Deaf
-Second Great Awakening
-Role of religion in a democracy
-Connection to other reform movements
-Charles Finney - evangelist
-Moral reform
-Temperance and the church
-Women and moral reform
-Washington Societies
-The 'oldest profession'
-Abolition movement
-Issues: when and how?
-American Colonization Society
-Liberia
-Radical abolitionists (against ACS)
-Sarah and Angelina Grimke
-Slavery As It Is
-Connection between slavery and status of women
-Theodore Weld
-Frederick Douglass
-The North Star
-William Lloyd Garrison
-The Liberator
CHAPTER 12: THE NEW WEST AND FREE NORTH
Reform Movements Continued
Women's rights
- Cult of Domesticity
- Married women's property rights
- Suffrage
- Seneca Falls, NY, 1848
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and the "Declaration of Sentiments"
- Friendship of Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
- Sojourner Truth: "Ain't I a Woman?"
Spiritualism
-What happens to the souls of children?
-Is communicating with the deceased possible?
-Well-known spiritualists
-Margaret, Kate, and Leah Fox
-Achsa Sprague
-Connection to women's rights movement
Treatment of mental illness
-Plight of the mentally ill
-Dorothea Dix and public mental hospitals
-Elizabeth Packard and commitment hearings
New England Transcendentalism
-Issues
-Intuition over logic
-Theological issues
-Connection to other reform movement
-Transcendental club
-People
-Ralph Waldo Emerson: "Self-Reliance"
-Henry David Thoreau: Civil Disobedience; On Walden Pond
-Margaret Fuller: The Dial; Woman in the Nineteenth Century
Utopian Communities
-Transcendentalist
-Brook Farm - George Ripley
-Fruitlands - Bronson Alcott
-Millennialist
-Shakers - Mother Ann Lee
-Harmonists - George Rapp
-Millerites - William Miller
-Ellen White and Seventh Day Adventists
-Perfectionist
-Oneida - John Humphrey Noyes
-Sex, Squash, and Silver
Health, Love and Sex
-Sylvester Graham's regime for good health
-Pitfalls of sex
-Marriage reform and 'free love'
MANIFEST DESTINY
-Effects of 1837 depression
-Pull of the west
Texas
-1820s: settlement and relations with Mexican government
-1830s: revolution and republic era
-first president of the Republic of Texas: Sam Houston
-1840s: statehood
-Texas myths old and new
Utah
-Joseph Smith and the Church of Latter Day Saints (Mormons)
-Context of Second Great Awakening
-Brigham Young and Salt Lake City
Oregon
-1843: Oregon Trail
-Oregon and the 1844 presidential election: "54o40' or Fight"
-1859: statehood
1844 Election and the administration of James K. Polk
-Campaign promises of Polk
--Settle Pacific NW boundary dispute
--Acquire California
--Settle Texas border dispute
--One term
-Treaty with Great Britain set boundary at 49th parallel
-War with Mexico 1846-48
--Three-pronged attach
--Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
-By 1853, continental boundaries set - Gadsden Treaty