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HIST 1302 - U. S. History II

Lecture outline

Unit One

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Chapter 17: The Contested West

The West: reality and metaphor

-Land policy

Homestead Act 1862

Morrill Land Grant Act 1862

Timber Culture Act 1873

Desert Land Act 1877

-Grants to railroads

-Precious metals - the lure

Cycles in discovery and settlement
Life in the mining community

-Homesteading


Adapting to isolation and limited resources
Lack of wood and water
Innovations in farm machinery
Family farmers and commercial farming
Run on Oklahoma 1889

-Cattle drives and the open range


Chisholm Trail; Goodnight-Loving Trail
Life on the trail

 

-Confrontation - Plains Indians Wars (1864-90)


Sand Creek Massacre (Colorado)
Fetterman Massacre (Montana)
Little Big Horn (Montana)
Red River Wars (Texas)
Skeleton Canyon (Arizona)
Nez Perce (Idaho)
Wounded Knee (S. Dakota)


-Restrictions


Near extinction of buffalo
Reservation system
Dawes Act
Indian schools


-Wild women


Calamity Jane
Belle Starr
Annie Oakley


-Outlaws


Billy the Kid
James Gang


-1890 Census: frontier is closed


Frederick Jackson Turner
Frontier Thesis

 

Chapter 18: Business and Politics in the Gilded Age


-A new way of doing business


Effects of nationalized business
Vertical and horizontal integration
Trusts and monopolies
Creation of the Corporate State

-The big industries:


Railroads
Steel
Oil


-The early railroads


Competition
Speculators
Disorganization
Reorganization
J. P. Morgan


-Steel and Andrew Carnegie


Solidifying power in Pittsburgh
Personal wealth
Gospel of Wealth

-Oil and John D. Rockefeller


Standard Oil Company
"God gave me my money."


-J. P. Morgan


Finance capitalism
Monopoly
Purchase of Carnegie's steel mills


-Social Darwinism


Herbert Spencer and "survival of the fittest"


-Big business and the Supreme Court


Laissez-faire
Corporations as persons


-Consumerism and new products


Office machines
Telephone
Typewriter
Stock market ticker
Adding machine
Leisure
'Safety' bicycle
Kodak camera
Home improvement
Linoleum floor covering



-Electricity


Battle for control of the business
Thomas Edison
George Westinghouse
J. P. Morgan


-New ways to shop


Chain stores and department stores
Mail order catalogues and Rural Free Delivery of mail


-Critics of Gilded Age excess


Muckraker journalism
Ida Tarbell: History of the Standard Oil Company


Social thinkers
Henry George: Progress and Poverty
Thorstein Veblen: Theory of the Leisure Class
'conspicuous consumption'


-Johnstown Flood, May 1889


-Gilded Age politics


Fluctuation and re-alignment in the two major parties
Garfield's assassination and Civil Service Reform
Tariffs and the politics of protectionism
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Interstate Commerce Commission
Free silver and gold-bugs
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
Wizard of Oz


-The 'New Woman'


Sex and higher education
Politics
National American Woman's Suffrage Association
Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Reaction to the 14th amendment
Success in the Far West
Temperance
Woman's Christian Temperance Union
Frances Willard
Home protection ballot


The race divide
Anti-lynching movement
Ida B. Wells

 

Chapter 19: The City and Its Workers


Cities: promises and disappointments


-Immigrant patterns
-Political machines and bosses

The new city
-Skyscrapers and bridges
-Parks and public libraries
-Chicago and the 1893 Columbian Exposition

Women in the work place
-Clerical
-Retail
-Needle trades
-Domestics

Child labor
-Coal mines
-Factories

Working class entertainment
-Dance halls
-Coney Island
-Baseball

Organized labor
--Efffects of mechanization on the workforce
Formation of the Knights of Labor
-Formation of the American Federation of Labor
-Samuel Gompers
-Labor and politics
-Boycotts and strikes
-Railway strike of 1877
-Haymarket riot of 1886
-Colorado and West Virginia miners

 

Chapter 20: Dissent, Depression, and War

Labor Strikes
-Homestead Strike
-Henry Clay Frick and the Pinkertons
-Cripple Creek Miners
-Pullman Strike
-Eugene V. Debs and American Socialist Party

Farmers Unite
-Farmer's Alliance-- Lampasas County, Texas
-Populist Movement

Elections of 1892 & 1896
-Choosing between the Populist Party and the Democrats
-William Jennings Bryan's 'Cross of Gold' speech
-Democrats: WJ Bryan
-Republicans: William McKinley
-Demise of Populist Party

Depression of 1890s
-'Everybody works but Father.'
-Bond sale to J. P. Morgan
-Coxey's Army -- 1894

American Imperialism

-Arguments for imperialism
-Economic: world trade competition
-Military: U.S. might and the New Navy
-Moral: Social Darwinism and Christian missionaries

-New territories
-Alaska (Seward's Folly)
-Annexation of Hawaii
-Division of Samoa

Spanish-American War
-Cuban theater
-Philippine theater
-Peace treaty
-Cuban independence
-U.S. acquires Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam

China and the 'Open Door Policy'
-Spheres of influence
-Boxer Rebellion

Arguments against imperialism
-Constitutional
-Economic
-Moral
-Racial
-Historical