HIST 1302 - U. S. History II

Lecture outline

Unit Two

Chapter 21: Progressivism from theGrass Roots to the White House

Social Reform

Social Gospel beginnings
-Assumption: progress is real; human nature is good
-Links between environment and behavior

Sociology and Social Work

Photojournalism
-Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives

Settlement houses
-Jane Addams and Hull House in Chicago
National Consumers' League
-Florence Kelley and the fight against child labor
Medical concerns
-Dr. Alice Hamilton and workplace related illnesses

Psychology
-William James and Pragmatism
-"The worth of an idea is in its consequences."

Juvenile justice
-Ben Lindsey
-"In the end, the people are bound to do the right thing no matter how much they fail at times."

Labor and management issues
-Frederick W. Taylor's 'scientific management'
-Henry Ford and mass production
-Efficiency versus safety

Women and progressive labor reform
-Muller v. Oregon
-Protection versus opportunity
-Women's Trade Union League
-Uprising of 20,000
-Triangle Shirtwaist Co. fire
-Lawrence, Mass. textile strikes
-Elizabeth Gurley Flynn

Women's activism
-Birth control
-Margaret Sanger battles the Comstock Laws

-Suffrage
-Carrie Chapman Catt and the NAWSA
-Alice Paul and the National Woman's Party
-Effect of World War I

Civil Rights Achievements
-Booker T. Washington and the Atlanta Exposition

-W. E. B. DuBois, John Hope, and the Niagara Declaration

-Mary Church Terrell and minority women's issues

Assumptions
-People are the true decision makers
-Government is a positive force to be used for the good of all
Progressive political platform
-Equitable taxation
-Regulation of big business
-Education
-Woman's suffrage
-Worker's comp and better working conditions
-Conservation of natural resources
-Direct election of senators
-Voter initiative

Theodore Roosevelt's presidency (1901-09)
-TR and big business
-Department of Commerce created
-Sherman Anti-trust Act resurrected
-Northern Securities Co. prosecuted
-Hepburn Ac: ICC given power to set RR rates

TR and labor
-Workers' comp for some federal employees
-United Mine Workers strike
-TR and civil rights
-Booker T. Washington has lunch at the White House
-Appointment of African-Americans to federal jobs
-Dismissal of African-American soldiers

TR and product safety
-Meat Inspection Act
-Pure Food and Drug Act

TR and conservation
-National parks
-TR, John Muir, and Gifford Pinchot

William Howard Taft's presidency (1909-13)
WHT and business
- Mann-Elkins Act: expansion of ICC
-Trust busting: mixed results
-WHT and voter initiative
-Arizona's enabling bill
-WHT and conservation
-Ballinger-Pinchot controversy
-Richard Ballinger, Sec. of the Interior
-Gifford Pinchot, Chief Forester of the Agricultural Dept.
-Conflict between WHT and TR over conservation

Woodrow Wilson's presidency (1913-21)
-WW and business
-Clayton Anti-Trust Act
-Outlawed unfair competition
-Used against labor unions
-Keating-Owen Act
-Restrictions on child labor
-Declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court

WW and civil rights
-Discrimination in hiring for federal jobs
WW and banking reform
-Federal Reserve System

Progressive Constitutional Amendments
-16th: graduated income tax
-17th: direct election of senators
-18th: prohibition
-19th: women's suffrage

Foreign Policy - Roosevelt
-TR and moral leadership
-TR and the Panama Canal
-Roosevelt's Corollary the Monroe Doctrine
-Latin American intervention
-Nobel Peace Prize laureate

Foreign Policy - Taft
-Dollar Diplomacy - continued intervention in Latin America

Chapter 22: World War I: The Progressive Crusade at Home and Abroad

Woodrow Wilson and Mexico
-Mexican Revolution - 1910s
-U. S. interest - business and ideology
--fear of German influence
--Punitive Expedition against Pancho Villa
-John "Black Jack" Pershing

World War I -1914-19
-Assassination of Austrian Archduke Ferdinand by Serbia nationalist, Gavrilo Princip
-Austria declared war on Serbia
-Russia mobilized to help Serbia
-Germany declared war on Russia
-France and Great Britain declared war on Germany
-Italy allied with France and Great Britain

The United States' response
-Wilson re-elected in 1916: "He kept us out of war."
-German attacks on passenger ships
-Zimmerman Telegram
-Proposed alliance between Germany and Mexico
-U. S. declared war on Germany -- April 2, 1917
-Expeditionary Force sent to France

First wartime use of trench warfare, poison gas, rapid fire machine guns, tanks, airplanes

The home front
-Propaganda and anti-German sentiment
-Censorship, sedition laws, anti-espionage acts
-Conviction of Eugene V. Debs
-Schenck v. U. S.--upheld constitutionality of anti-espionage acts
-Rationing of basic items

Opposition to the war
-Jane Addams and the International Women's League for Peace
-William Jennings Bryan
-Robert LaFollette
-Jeannette Rankin

Effects of 1918 flu pandemic

Peace talks in Paris
-The "Big Four"-- Wilson (U.S.); Clemenceau (Fr); Lloyd-George (GB); Orlando (It)
-Treaty of Versailles
-Wilson's Fourteen Points
-League of Nations

Senate opposition to the Treaty of Versailles
-Henry Cabot Lodge
-Robert LaFollette

Wilson's appeal to the people

Postwar economic/social unrest
-Racial tension
-Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblies)
-Palmer raids
-Farm depression begins

Chapter 23: From New Era to Great Depression

"Ain't We Got Fun"
Consumerism and buying "on time"
-Automobiles
-Radios and electrical appliances
-Personal hygiene products
-Popular magazines and advertising
-Fashion statements
-Flappers
-Business suits

Arts & Letters
-The "Lost Generation"
-Scott & Zelda Fitzgerald
-Edna St. Vincent Millay
-Harlem Renaissance
-Langston Hughes
-Zora Neale Hurston

Music
-Jazz
-Blues
-Scandalous dances

The movie industry
-Silent pictures
-Mary Pickford -- America's sweetheart

Aviation
-Charles Lindbergh
-Bessie Coleman
-Powder Puff Derby of 1929

Prohibition
-Gangsters and G-men

Nativism
-Immigration quotas
-Red Scare: Sacco & Vanzetti
-KKK <Birth of a Nation>

Religious fundamentalism
-Scopes 'Monkey Trial'
-Aimee Semple McPherson and the Four Square Gospel Church