BIO 2420 INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY EXAM ONE Page 1
1. Louis Pasteur
and John Tyndall worked together to:
a. develop antiseptic surgery
b. disprove that microorganisms could arise
from non-living matter
c. discover the cause of French wine
spoilage
d. develop a cholera vaccine
e. develop methods for isolating bacteria
in pure culture
2. Variolation was
an early attempt to control:
a. cholera
b. syphilis
c. plague
d. cowpox
e. smallpox
3. Which of the
following is NOT considered a microorganism?
a. virus
b. bacteria
c. protozoa
d. fungi
e. mosquito
4. Which of the
following pioneers of microbiology is credited with the discovery of
microorganisms using quality magnifying lenses:
a. Semmelweis
b. Hooke
c. Koch
d. Lister
e. Leeuwenhoek
5. Spontaneous
generation is associated with which of the following:
a. aseptic techniques
b. life from life (pre-existing cells)
c. germ theory of disease
d. life from non-living materials
e. animalcules
6. Who
demonstrated that maggots appeared on decaying meat that had been exposed to
flies?
a. Lister
b. Leeuwenhoek
c. Semmelweis
d. Tyndall
e. Redi
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7. Louis Pasteur:
a. was the first person to view microorganisms
with a hand-held lens and became the Father of Microbiology
b. developed antiseptic surgery techniques
c. developed the postulates that explained
how to prove the "germ"
theory of disease for most infectious agents
d. was able to eliminate contamination of wine
in France by a process now called
pasteurization
e. disproved the theory of spontaneous
generation by developing solid media upon which he grew organisms in a pure
culture
8. Which of the
following is NOT true of viruses:
a. replicated only when inside host cells
b. too small to be seen in a light microscope
c. all cause human disease
d. contain only one type of nucleic acid
e. acellular
9. Koch's
postulates establish:
a. that spontaneous generation does not occur
b. that cells are the fundamental units of life
c. that viruses are filterable
d. that solid media is needed to obtain pure
cultures
e. a cause-effect relationship between a
specific microorganism and an infectious disease
10. All bacteria:
a. lack nuclei
b. lack a cell structure
c. cause disease
d. absorb nutrients
e. are motile
11. Louis Pasteur
designed swan-necked flasks to:
a. keep flies away from decaying meat
b. pasteurize wine
c. develop a vaccine for rabies
d. trap microorganisms from the air in the neck
of the flask
e. allow dust to reach sterile infusions
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12. When two or
more atoms combine, they form a(n):
a. molecule
b. proton
c. atom
d. element
e. ion
13. What is the
most important solvent in living cells?
a. carbon dioxide
b. water
c. hydrogen
d. carbon
e. ATP
14. Which of the
following serves as the main energy source for most living cells?
a. nucleotides
b. proteins
c. acids
d. carbohydrates
e. water
15. Which of the
following is NOT true of lipids:
a. composed of repeating monosaccharide
units
b. part of the structure of cell membranes
c. includes steroids
d. rather insoluble in water
e. can be used as an energy source
16. Which of the
following nitrogenous bases is found in DNA but NOT in RNA?
a. guanine
b. uracil
c. adenine
d. thymine
e. cytosine
17. The _____ in an
atom are added together to obtain the atomic weight.
a. neutrons and protons
b. neutrons and electrons
c. electrons and protons
d. electrons, protons and neutrons
e. electrons in the outer shell
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18. A strong
chemical bond that results from the sharing of electrons between two atoms is
called:
a. electrostatic
b. covalent
c. hydrogen
d. compound
e. ionic
19. The bond formed
by the attraction between an anion and cation is called a (n) _____ bond.
a. ionic
b. carbon
c. electron
d. covalent
e. hydrogen
20. What do all
organic compounds have in common?
a. contain oxygen atoms
b. contain carbon atoms
c. they are good buffers
d. soluble in water
e. insoluble in water
21. A change in the
pH from 8 to 10 represents a _____ times _____ in the hydrogen ion (H+)
concentration:
a. 10. increase
b. 2. increase
c. 2. decrease
d. 100. increase
e. 100. decrease
22. Which of the
following is an example of a protein?
a. DNA
b. lysozyme
c. ATP
d. glucose
e. cholesterol
23. Which of the
following is NOT found in nucleic acids?
a. sugars
b. nitrogenous bases
c. amino acids
d. hydrogen bonds
e. phosphate molecules
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24. Which of the
following is the smallest unit of measure listed:
a. nanometer
b. meter
c. centimeter
d. micrometer
e. millimeter
25. What is the
average wavelength of visible light?
a. 550 nm
b. 240 nm
c. 700 nm
d. 320 nm
e. 420 nm
26. Which of the
following functions of light allows the greatest magnification by a microscope?
a. absorption
b. transmission
c. diffraction
d. reflection
e. refraction
27. Light bouncing
off of an object and striking your eye is an example of:
a. reflection
b. absorption
c. refraction
d. transmission
e. diffraction
28. Why are blue
filters used on the light source of light microscopes?
a. to make clear cells appear blue
b. they allow only shorter wavelengths of light
to pass through
c. decrease resolution
d. they cause the specimen to fluoresce
e. they decrease reflection
29. What is the
purpose of the condenser on a light microscope?
a. allows viewer to change light intensity
b. concentrates the light beams on the
specimen
c. moves the microscope slide
d. focuses the image magnified by the
objective lens
e. magnifies the microscope slide
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30. How do you
determine the total magnification of a light microscope?
a. wavelength of light x 2/numerical
aperture
b. magnification of ocular lens x condenser
c. magnification of objective lens x
condenser
d. magnification of objective lens x ocular
lens
e. magnification of objective lens x
diaphragm
31. Which of the
following not only reveals cell morphology but will provide additional
information about the specimen:
a. crystal violet stain
b. Gram stain
c. India ink
d. simple stain
e. methylene blue stain
32. A stain that is
used primarily to identify Mycobacterium:
a. flagellar stain
b. Gram stain
c. acid fast stain
d. spore stain
e. negative stain
33. What dye in the
Gram stain do Gram positive bacteria retain?
a. iodine
b. malachite green
c. sarfanin
d. crystal violet
e. methylene blue
34. Which of the
following microscopes produce three dimensional images?
a. dark field
b. scanning electron
c. phase contrast
d. fluorescent
e. transmission electron
35. Which of the
following would NOT be applicable for visualizing living microorganisms?
a. hanging drop
b. dark field microscope
c. phase-contrast microscope
d. smears
e. wet mounts
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36. The portion of
lipopolysaccharide that is responsible for the toxic effects of the molecule
is:
a. tetrapeptides
b. teichoic acid
c. peptidoglycan
d. lipid A
e. polysaccharide
37. The
peptidoglycan molecule is responsible for the:
a. entry and exit of molecules into and from the
cell
b. flexibility of the cytoplasmic membrane
c. motility of the bacterial cell
d. genetic characteristics of the bacterial
cell
e. semirigid cell wall structure of
prokaryotes
38. The Gram stain
is based on differences in the __________ of bacteria.
a. cell wall
b. sportes
c. flagella
d. nuclear membrane
e. ribosomes
39. Which one of
the following statements does NOT describe flagella:
a. are not produced by all bacteria
b. made of protein
c. presence on bacteria detected by
observing for motility
d. location on the bacterial cell aids in
identification
e. they are responsible for attachment
40. The average
diameter of prokaryotic cells is:
a. 10.0 to 15.0 um
b. 100 to 200 um
c. 1.0 to 2.0 um
d. 10 to 50 nm
e. 0.5 to 2.0 um
41. Formation of
endospores:
a. can be triggered by adverse environmental
conditions
b. allows bacterial reproduction
c. occurs when the cell has excess
polyphosphate
d. is called germination
e. occurs in all bacterial cells
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42. Which of the
following is mismatched:
a. vibrio - comma-shape
b. coccobacilli - intermediate between
round and rod
c. coccus - round
d. bacillus - flexible and wavy
e. spirillum - corkscrew-shape
43. Lipopolysaccharide:
a. is found in the periplasmic space
b. is found in cells that will appear purple
after the gram stain
c. is found in all bacterial cell walls
d. can induce fever and dilation of blood
vessels in infected patients
e. is extremely thick in gram positive bacteria
44. What would you
expect to see if you prepare a gram stain slide of the gram negative bacillus, Escherichia
coli:
a. comma-shaped, red cells
b. rod-shaped, red cells
c. corkscrew-shaped, purple cells
d. rod-shaped, green cells
e. round, purple cells
45. Which of the
following is not true of the ribosomes:
a. are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic and
prokaryotic cells
b. are assembled in the nucleoli of eukaryotic cells
c. smaller in prokaryotic cells
d. certain antimicrobial drugs
e. can be found on the endoplasmic reticulum in
prokaryotic cells
46. Which of the
following would NOT be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells:
a. cytoplasm
b. mitochondria
c. ribosomes
d. DNA
e. plasma membrane
47. Which of the
following would be the most immediate result of destruction or inhibition of a
cell's ribosomes:
a. no ATP production
b. protein production would stop
c. the DNA would be destroyed
d. photosynthesis would stop
e. lysozymes would enter the cytoplasm and
destroy the cell
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48. Identify the
person who, around 350 b.c., first classified living organisms and became known
as "The Father of Biology."
a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
b. Robert Koch
c. Francesco Redi
d. Louis Pasteur
e. Aristotle
49. Explain why it
was necessary to first disprove the concept of spontaneous generation before
the germ theory of disease could be accepted.
50. Discuss at
least two reasons why the gram stain is one of the most important stains used
in the clinical microbiology lab of a hospital.
51. Who was the
first person to develop an effective vaccine for smallpox?
a. Pasteur
b. Lister
c. Metchnikoff
d. Jenner
e. Domagk
52. What do
bacteria, algae, viruses, protozoa, and fungi all have in common?
a. are too small to study with the unaided eye
b. absorb nutrients
c. are decomposers
d. have nuclei
e. have a cell structure
53. You are
examining a drop of aquarium water under the microscope and observe green cells
without nuclei. You conclude that the
cells are most likely:
a. protozoa
b. bacteria
c. yeast
d. viruses
e. algae
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54. You are working
in a laboratory that inserts human genes into bacterial cells so that the
bacteria can produce a needed human biochemical. What field of microbiology are you in ?
a. immunology
b. environmental microbiology
c. genetic engineering
d. virology
e. chemotherapy
55. Which of the
following does NOT describe enzymes?
a. sub-units joined through peptide bonds
b. can increase the rate of chemical reactions
c. have primary, secondary, tertiary and
possibly quaternary levels of structure
d. molecules containing amino and carboxyl
groups
e. are chemically changed during their
participation in chemical reactions
56. If a cell is
expending a lot of energy, which of the following would be the best nutrient
molecule to be broken down for immediate energy:
a. water
b. fat
c. glucose
d. starch
e. protein
57. What happens
inside cells when phosphate bonds in ATP molecules are broken:
a. an endergonic reaction occurs
b. anions are formed
c. peptide bonds are broken
d. energy becomes available for cell
activities
e. the H+ ion concentration increases
58. Which one of
the following microscopes has the greatest resolving power?
a. compound light
b. fluorescent
c. phase
d. scanning electron
e. transmission electron
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59. Which of the
following stains would be most suitable for microscopic study of bacterial
cells that have a high lipid content in their cell walls:
a. negative stain
b. spore stain
c. acid-fast stain
d. Gram stain
e. flagellar stain
60. The gram stain:
a. will differentiate bacterial cells based on
chemical differences in their cell walls
b. requires acid alcohol as decolorizer
c. requires the use of steam heat while
staining the cells on the slide
d. can be used to determine if a bacterial cell
is capable of photosynthesis
e. uses acidic dyes
61. Which is true
of bacterial cell walls:
a. contain cellulose
b. protects against osmotic shock
c. selectively permeable
d. chemically identical in all bacterial
cells
e. also called capsules
62. Which one of
the following allows bacterial cell motility?
a. cilia
b. plasmid
c. flagella
d. capsule
e. pill
63. Which of the
following is NOT associated with the prokaryotic cell membrane:
a. is selectively permeable
b. regulates passage of materials into and
out of the cell
c. contains peptidoglycan
d. contains enzymes
e. contains proteins and phospholipids
64. Which term is
used to describe flagella that are found all over the surface of the bacterial
cell:
a. peritrichous
b. monotrichous
c. amphitrichous
d. atrichous
e. lophotrichous
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1. b
2. e
3. e
4. e
5. d
6. e
7. d
8. c
9. e
10. a
11. d
12. a
13. b
14. d
15. a
16. d
17. a
18. b
19. a
20. b
21. e
22. b
23. c
24. a
25. a
26. b
27. a
28. b
29. b
30. d
31. b
32. c
33. d
34. b
35. d
36. d
37. e
38. a
39. e
40. e
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41. a
42. d
43. d
44. b
45. e
46. b
47. b
48. e
49. No answer in
TestBank
50. No answer in
TestBank
51. d
52. a
53. b
54. c
55. e
56. c
57. d
58. e
59. c
60. a
61. b
62. c
63. c
64. a