Chapter 12 Click on the correct answers, then click on "Send".

1 US policy after World War I included The exhaustion of the European powers assured the US it could achieve strategic goals without increasing its military power. The US returned to notions of unilateralism & noninvolvement in Europe. The Army-Navy Joint Board saw Japan as the strategic problem. The Japanese conquest of the German Pacific Empire made it unlikely the USN could safely sail to the Philippines in wartime or stop the invasion of China, Indochina, or European empires in SW Asia. All of the answers are correct. 2 The US Navy post-WWI strategy included The US Navy was the cornerstone of US defense. The Washington Naval Conference 5:5:3:1.67 formula plus a 10 year building holiday lets the US not have to expand its Navy. The Four Power Treaty- US, BR, FR, & Japan- promised not to interfere with each other's Pacific possessions. The Nine Power Treaty said they would respect the political & territorial integrity of China. All of the answers are correct. 3 The US Army in the post-World War I period included The National Defense Act of 1920 created the Army of the US with a Regular Army of 280,000; a National Guard of 435,000, and a skeletal Organized Reserve. The AUS was organized into 9 corps areas each with 1 Regular division, 2 National Guard divisions & 3 Organized Reserve divisions. There was ROTC & some summer training camps for commissioning new officers. All of the answers are correct. 4 The Air Service in the post-World War I period included In 1919 a Joint Board of Aeronautics rejected the idea that air power could win a war, & gave the US Army control over air power for land war & USN control over air power for carriers & land stations. Billy Mitchell challenged this doctrine publicly& wanted an Air Service on equal footing with the USA & USN. Mitchell sunk the "Ostfriesland" but was later court-martialed& resigned. In 1926 the Air Corps Act gave the Air Service access to the Chief of Staff & provided for 1,514 officers, 16,000 men & 1,800 planes. All of the answers are correct. 5 The US Navy building program in the interwar years included Congress authorized 8 heavy cruisers in 1924 & an additional 15 the next year but they were stopped by the Great Depression. The London Conference in 1930 cut the USN to 18 heavy cruisers building plan, limited submarine tonnage & agreed to a capital shipbuiilding holiday until 1937. The submarines became modernized but problems of carbon monoxide, chlorine gas, & diving control difficulties cut US subs from 51 to 26 in the 1930's. All of the answers are correct. 6 The USMC in the post-World War I period included MG John A. Lejeune ordered MAJ Earl Ellis to develop an amphibious role for the USMC. The USMC would seize bases for the USN as they advanced across the Pacific. In 1927 the Army-Navy Joint Board declared the USMC had responsibility for developing amphibious doctrines. In 1934 they created the Fleet Marine Force. All of the answers are correct. 7 Problems of the US Army in the 1930's included Budgetary restraints kept the Regular Army at 130,000 not 280,000 men. Budgetary restraints kept the National Guard at 180,000 not 437,000. Chiefs of Staff Douglas MacArthur & Marlin Craig supported Six Year Plans to modernize the US Army & National Guard but it went very slowly. All of the answers are correct. 8 Industrial planning by the US Army included Peacetime planning for industrial mobilization went very slowly in the 1920's. The War Department produced an Industrial Mobilization Plan in 1930 which duplicated the WW1 plan but emphasized decentralization. The 1930 IMP was revised in 1938 for more centralization In 1936 the War Resource Administration failed to get political support. All of the answers are correct. 9 The US Army development of tanks in this period included The Tank Corps disappeared after WWI. European experts argued that tanks wed firepower & mobility to restore decisiveness in ground operations. The Europeans talked of adding air power to armored attacks. The US Army started an experimental mechanized brigade in 1933-37 built around light tanks emphasizing mobility not firepower. All of the answers are correct. 10 The US Air Corps developments in the interwar period included The Air Corps Tactical School emphasized that independent air action would be critical for victory in the next war. Most Army planners want to bomb enemy targets but they were not within range of US-based planes. The Air Corps fate rested on the coastal defense mission by attacking enemy invasion forces & then using patrol squadrons. The Air Corps needed a large, long range bomber that led to the approval of the development of the B-17 in 1937. All of the answers are correct. 11 Naval rearmament in the 1930's included Carl Vinson, Chairman of the House Naval Affairs Committee, was in large part responsible. In 1933 the NRA set aside $238 million for construction. In 1934 the Vinson-Trammell Act allowed the US Navy to build to treaty strength by 1942. In 1938 a 10 year $1.1 billion building program was begun. All of the answers are correct.

Your name: Your email: