Chapter 4 Click on the correct answers, then click on "Send".

1 American fears of a standing army were reawakened in 1783 by The Newburgh Conspiracy consisted of soldiers who threatened mutiny to receive a lump sum payment for Revolutionary War service. Henry Knox founded the Society of Cincinnati for Continental officers which had a hereditary membership that appeared to be a step toward nobility in America. The Pennsylvania Line of the Continental Army mutinied for immediate discharge & pay since they felt the war was over even though the treaty was yet unsigned. All of the answers are correct. 2 The Articles of Confederation government's post-Revolutionary War military policy included In 1784 they formed the 1st American Regiment of 700 militia enlisted for 1 year. In 1785 Congress turned to three year recruits to protect the frontier but they failed to do so. Daniel Shays' revolt in Massachusetts showed how powerless the government really was. All of the answers are correct. 3 Constitutional doctrines regarding the military included divided military power between the states and federal government shared military power between Congress & the President states guarantees for republican form of government & retain control of the militia All of the answers are correct. 4 The U.S. Government actions under the Constitution included Congress created the War Department & GW appointed Henry Knox the first Secretary of War. The Uniform Militia Act of 1792 enrolled all able-bodied white men from 18 to 45 & the militia responsibility was given to states. In Sept. 1789 Congress created the 1st American Regiment & artillery battalion. All of the answers are correct. 5 Indian relations in the west included In 1790 the Northwest Indians revolted & Hamar was ambushed along the Maumee River. St. Clair was ambushed along the Wabash River Congress created the Legion of the US. Anthony Wayne used the Legion to defeat the Indians at Fallen Timbers & got the Treaty of Ft. Grenville in which the Indians gave up Ohio & part of Indiana. All of the answers are correct. 6 The significance of the Whiskey Rebellion included all EXCEPT Western Pennsylvania frontiersmen opposed the US excise tax on whiskey. Washington used militiamen to put down the rebellion. It showed the new national government could "ensure domestic tranquility." It led to the creation of a massive standing army. 7 The Federalists' policy toward the US Navy included Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 to construct 6 frigates for war against Algiers but only three were built. Coastal commerce areas supported a US Navy but interior & agrarian states opposed it. The Department of the Navy with Benjamin Stoddert as SECNAV was created in 1798 due problems with France. The Quasi War with France saw the USN escort convoys in the West Indies, hunt privateers, & sometimes fight French warships. All of the answers are correct. 8 The Federalist legacy of military policy included all EXCEPT a small professional army augmented by militia & volunteers during wartime a system of arsenals, dockyards & coastal fortifications a small USN showing the flag in peacetime to protect US shipping & plundering enemy shipping in wartime a massive regular army to invade Canada a passive defense policy to preserve the country in crisis until its strength could be mobilized 9 Jefferson's military policy included The militia was the first line of defense as Jefferson cut both the US Army & US Navy. He created the USMA in 1802. The War with Tripoli partially halted some naval retrenchment, although Congress preferred gunboats to a large fleet of large warships. Jefferson preferred to use economic coercion to military power against Britain & France. All of the answers are correct. 10 The US entered the War of 1812 due to all of the following EXCEPT The Embargo hurt the US economy & caused agricultural depression for farmers. Westerners wanted to expand into Canada & Florida. The Federalist Party pushed for war. The War Hawks pressed for war & the British impressed seamen. Westerners felt the British were aiding the Indians who were attacking the American frontier. 11 US handicaps in the War of 1812 included a late start with a small army & weak navy a weak commander-in-chief- President Madison factionalism in the government & army conflicts between national & regional strategic concerns All of the answers are correct. 12 The opposition to the War of 1812 included all EXCEPT was centered in New England was led by the Democratic-Republican Party led to the Hartford Convention ensured New England would not cooperate in prosecuting the war 13 The theaters of war in the War of 1812 included all EXCEPT The Northeast- Canadian border from Niagara to Lake Champlain The Northwest- from Lake Erie to Lake Huron The Southern- from New Orleans to Pensacola The Eastern- including the eastern seaboard & the Atlantic Ocean The Far Eastern- including Britain & France 14 The Canadian Campaign in 1812 included A small British defense force in Canada because of other worldwide commitments. William Hull's invasion failed & he surrendered Detroit. Stephen Van Renssalear's invasion failed when militiamen refused to cross into Canada & he was defeated at Queenstown Heights. Henry Dearborn's invasion failed when militiamen refused to cross into Canada. All of the answers are correct. 15 The action of the US Navy in the War of 1812 included The Federalist frigates were the best in the world officered by young men experienced in fighting the Tripolian pirates. The British could only commit a portion of their fleet to the war with the US. There was single ship combat in which the USN did well. By 1813 the RN established a blockade of American ports All of the answers are correct. 16 The US policy in 1813 included all EXCEPT Oliver Hazard Perry defeated the RN on Lake Erie which pushed British land forces back. Zebulon Pike raided York but Dearborn is defeated at Chrysler's Farm. Jacob Brown successfully invaded Canada but the force retreated after he & Winfield Scott were wounded. The US sent a large force to invade & capture the British sugar islands in the West Indies. 17 The British launched all of the following offensives in 1814 EXCEPT Prevost invaded the US from Montreal but retreated after the RN was defeated on Lake Champlain to cut his supply line. Robert Ross captured Washington DC but failed to take Baltimore. Andrew Jackson defeated the Indians in the Southwest in the Creek War. Raymond Smith invaded and captured Long Island for the British but withdrew when his supply line was cut. Andrew Jackson won a major battle at New Orleans after the war was over & the peace treaty had already been signed. 18 The Treaty of Ghent was a status quo ante bellum treaty was signed by the British because the war in Europe was temporarily over failed to address any of the US concerns that led to war in 1812 All of the answers are correct.

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