Chapter 7 Click on the correct answers, then click on "Send".

1 Black participation in the Civil War included The Union Army used Blacks as laborers in 1862. James Lane in Kansas & Ben Butler in New Orleans raised Black troops illegally in 1862. The Second Confiscation Act & the Militia Act of 1862 authorized raising Black troops. Large numbers of Blacks were recruited by Lorenzo Thomas in the Mississippi Valley starting in 1863. All of the answers are correct. 2 Conscription in the Civil War included In the South beginning in April 1862 all white males from 18 to 35 and then 17 to 50 for duration of the war with use of substitutes, exemptions for politicians, & the 20 Negro Rule were eligible for conscription. In the North after March 1863 all able-bodied male citizens between 20 to 45 with exceptions of mentally unfit, politicians, and used substitutes & commutation. Both of the answers are correct. 3 All of the following were involved in the 1863 Union campaigns EXCEPT Joe Hooker in Virginia with the Army of the Potomac William Rosecrans in Tennessee with the Army of the Cumberland U.S. Grant north of Vicksburg with the Army of the Tennessee Nathaniel Banks on the lower Mississippi with the Army of the Gulf Stephen Kearny in California with the Army of the West 4 Joe Hooker's Campaign in 1863 included Hooker reorganized his army by abolishing Grand Divisions & consolidating the cavalry into a single corps. Hooker planned to leave 40,000 men with Sedgwick at Fredericksburg to occupy Lee while he turned Lee's flank upstream. Lee left Early with 10,000 to hold Sedgwick & then advanced into the Wilderness to stop Hooker at Chancellorsville. Lee sent Jackson on a flank march to hit Hooker's right sending Hooker retreating & then Lee turned to stop Sedgwick. All of the answers are correct. 5 In the aftermath of Chancellorsville Lee lost Stonewall Jackson. Lee reorganized his Army of Northern Virginia into three corps from two. Lee decided to invade the North to try to take the pressure off Vicksburg & Tennessee & allow the CSA to live off northern supplies & possibly win European recognition. All of the answers are correct. 6 At Gettysburg J.E.B. Stuart went off on a ride around Meade's rear & left Lee without scouting ability. Lee's army attacked the I & XI Corps at Gettysburg on 7/1 & drove them back to Cemetery Hill & Ridge. Lee's discretionary orders to Ewell led to the Confederate failure to take Culp's Hill. On 7/2 Lee attacked both ends of Meade's line with Longstreet taking Devil's Den but failing to take Little Round Top. On 7/3 Lee attacked Meade's center after a two hour artillery bombardment but failed in the attack & retreated on 7/5 All of the answers are correct. 7 Grant's Vicksburg campaign included Only the ground south & west of Vicksburg was suitable for campaigning. Grant went down the west side of the Mississippi River & crossed over south of Vicksburg headed for Jackson, the state capital. Pemberton came out of Vicksburg to fight Grant but lost at Champion Hill & Big Black River & retreated back into Vicksburg. Grant's initial assault on Vicksburg failed but a siege forced Pemberton to surrender on 7/4. All of the answers are correct. 8 Rosecran's Tennessee campaign included Rosecrans tool Chattanooga on 9/9 after maneuvering Bragg out of the town. Davis sent Longstreet to reinforce Bragg's Army of Tennessee. Bragg attacked Rosecrans at Chickamauga & Longstreet found a hole created when Woods' division was mistakenly ordered northward & routed most of Rosecrans' army. George Thomas held Snodgrass Hill to allow Rsoecrans to retreat to Chattanooga & became known as the "Rock of Chickamauga.' All of the answers are correct. 9 The war at sea included Gideon Welles & Gustavus Fox expanded the U.S. Navy to 671 ships & created the Bureau of Steam Engineering. Stephen Mallory & the C.S. Navy pioneered the use of torpedoes, submarines, ironclads, and commerce raiders. The Blockade became more effective as the war went on cutting Confederate exports & imports. Confederate commerce raiders hurt northern shipping but most were hunted down by the U.S. navy. All of the answers are correct. 10 In terms of logistics during the Civil War Northern mobilization of manpower & supplies worked well under QMG Montgomery Meigs & MG Ethan Allen Hitchcock's War Board. Northern industry increased production drastically. Southern mobilization was slow with problems of food supply, inflation, railroad transportation, & desertion. Lucius Northrup as Commissary General had particularly difficult problems but Josiah Gorgas the Chief of Ordnance did very well. All of the answers are correct. 11 Grant's Plan for 1864 included Grant's using Meade's Army of the Potomac to attack Lee's Army of Northern Virginia Butler's Army of the James going up the peninsula to Richmond Franz Sigel's Army of the Shenandoah attacking up the Shenandoah Valley while Banks' Army of the Gulf attacked Mobile Sherman's Armies of the Tennessee, Cumberland & Ohio were to go after J.E. Johnston's Army of Tennessee All of the answers are correct. 12 The first results of Grant's 1864 plan included Lincoln ordered Banks up the Red River rather than to Mobile & Banks was stopped at Mansfield (4/8) & retreated back to New Orleans. Sigel attacked up the Shenandoah Valley but was defeated at New Market (5/15) & retreated down the Valley. Butler got his Army of the James penned up in Bermuda Hundred. All of the answers are correct. 13 Grant's overland campaign in 1864 included Grant advanced into the Wilderness but Lee entrenched, Grant launched frontal assaults but was stopped with heavy losses, & then Grant advanced around Lee's right flank. Lee entrenched at Spotsylvania Court House, Grant launched frontal assaults but was stopped with heavy losses, & then Grant advanced around Lee's right flank. Lee entrenched at North Anna, Grant launched frontal assaults but was stopped with heavy losses, & then Grant advanced around Lee's right flank. Lee entrenched at Cold Harbor, Grant launched frontal assaults but was stopped with heavy losses, & then Grant advanced around Lee's right flank & got outside of Petersburg where he was stopped. All of the answers are correct. 14 Sherman's campaign in Georgia in 1864 included Sherman advanced around J.E. Johnston's flank to flank him out of many strong defensive positions. Johnston retreated to keep from being cut off from Atlanta. Jefferson Davis replaced Johnston with John Bell Hood who unsuccessfully attacked Sherman three times outside Atlanta. Sherman besieged Atlanta & Hood abandoned the city. All of the answers are correct. 15 In the northern presidential election of 1864 Lincoln ran on the Union Party platform. McClellan, a war Democrat, ran on the Democratic peace platform. The election was really decided by Union military victories at Mobile, Atlanta, & the Shenandoah Valley. All of the answers are correct. 16 In the final campaign in the west Sherman marched with 60,000 men through Georgia from Atlanta to Savannah after abandoning his supply line & living off the land. Hood invaded Tennessee to try to pull Sherman out of Georgia but failed to trap Schofield's army at Columbia. Hood attacked Schofield at Franklin disastrously& Hood's army was destroyed by George Thomas at Nashville (12/64). Sherman advanced through South Carolina & into North Carolina where J.E. Johnston surrendered. All of the answers are correct. 17 The last eastern campaign included Lee attacked Ft. Stedman at Petersburg to force Grant to pull his left flank back so Lee could slip out to join J.E. Johnston in North Carolina but the attack failed. Grant sent Sheridan westward to cut the last railroad to Richmond & forced Lee to abandon Petersburg. Grant stayed south of Lee's army & got west of him at Appomattox. Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. All of the answers are correct. 18 The results of the Civil War included The North fought for the preservation of the Union & the destruction of slavery. The South fought for its independence & the preservation of slavery. The North achieved its dual war aims. All of the answers are correct.

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